1. Circulatory & Respiratory Systems
Bryan and Carmen

2. Circulatory System

3. What is the Circulatory System?
is a body system that facilitates the exchange of materials (oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide) that helps fight disease, stabilize body temperature and help keep homeostasis

5. Three Main Components Central Pump (heart)
Vascular System (veins, capillaries, arteries, ect.)
Circulating Fluid (blood)

6. Two Main Types of Circulatory Systems
Open Circulatory System
Closed Circulatory System

7. Open Circulatory System
The circulating fluid is pumped through open-ended vessels and flows out among the cells

8. Closed Circulatory System
Blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid (the fluid that fills the spaces around the cell)

9. The Path of Blood
  The three components of the cardiovascular system are organized into a double circulation system.

10. Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits
pulmonary circuit carries the blood between the heart and the lungs. In the lungs carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the lungs one way and the other way oxygen diffuses into the blood.
systemic circuit carries blood in between the heart and the rest of the body. It supplies the body with nutrients and picks up carbon dioxide and other waste on the way. Oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart via systemic circuit

11. Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits

12. How the Heart Works
The heart is the HUB of the human cardiovascular system. The heart is a small muscle about the size of your fist that contains four chambers that supports the double circulation system.
The heart has four chambers because it prevents the oxygen rich blood and the oxygen poor blood from mixing
The heart follows the Cardiac Cycle

13. The Cardiac Cycle
-Cardiac Cycle- the heart relaxes and contracts rhythmically -When the heart relaxes, the chambers fill with blood; when the heart contracts, it pumps blood. -The relaxation phase is known as Diastole and the contraction phase is known as Systole. -heart murmurs-a defect in one or more valves in the heart that may indicate the backward pumping of blood when the heart is beating

14. Pacemakers
  Pacemaker or SA (Sinoatrial) node, sets the tempo of the heartbeat. Pacemaker is composed of specialized tissue in the wall of the right atrium, that:
Generates electrical impulses
Impulses from the pacemaker spread rapidly through the walls of both atria making hem contract. The impulses then pass to a relay point called the AV (atrioventicular) node that delays the signal by about 0.1 seconds. This delay causes the atrial to empty completely before the impulses are passed to the ventricles.
Once the impulses reach the ventricles, they contract strongly, driving the blood out of the heart
The impulses sent by the pacemaker produce electrical currents that can be detected by electrodes placed on the skin and recorded as an electrocardiogram.

15. Blood Vessels -Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
-Veins carry blood toward the heart.
-Capillaries allow for exchange between the bloodstream and the tissue cells via interstitial fluid.

16. Arteries
The walls of arteries have two additional, thicker layers. An outer layer of elastic connective tissue allows the vessels to stretch and recoil. Between the layer and the epithelial cells is a middle layer of smooth muscle. The smooth muscle provides the strength and elasticity to accommodate the rapid flow of blood at high pressure produced by the beating heart.

17. Blood Flow through Arteries
When ventricles contract, blood is forced into the arteries faster then it can flow into the arterioles. This creates pressure that stretches the elastic walls of the arteries. (You can feel this when you measure your heart by taking your pulse) Pulse- the rhythmic stretching of the arteries caused by the pressure of blood forced into the arteries during diastole
Then, the elastic walls of the arteries recoil during diastole, maintaining enough pressure on the remaining blood to sustain a constant flow into arterioles and capillaries.

18. Veins
Veins convey blood back to the heart at low velocity and pressure after the blood has passed through capillary beds. Veins have one-way valves that prevent backflow, making sure that blood always moves towards the heart.

19. Blood -Consist of liquid plasma and cellular elements
red blood cells- transport oxygen
white blood cells- aid in defense
platelets- aid in clotting
-new cells are continuously being formed from stem cells in bone marrow

21. Blood Pressure
Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts against the walls of your vessels. Created by the beating of the heart, blood pressure is the main force driving the blood from the heart through the arteries and arterioles to the capillary beds.

22. High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure (hypertension) is persistent systolic blood pressure higher than 140 and/or diastolic blood pressure higher than 90
Because it often displays no outward symptoms, having high blood pressure for years increases the risk of heart attacks, heart diseases and strokes which is the reason why high blood pressure is often called “silent killer.”

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