1. US Neutrality

2. Early Moves Toward Isolationism
American efforts early Roosevelt administration
Europe; Asia; Western Hemisphere
London Conference
Roosevelt would not accept any policy that went against his domestic plans (create inflation).
Creates a feeling of everyman for himself

3. Asia Philippines—Process of giving full independence
Soviet Union—Recognition of government. Fear alliance with Japan and Germany

4. Latin America Good Neighbor Reciprocal Trade Agreement
Better relations with Latin America. Remove military forces and line up allies
Reciprocal Trade Agreement
Lowered Tariffs with Latin America with both sides doing it.

5. NEUTRALITY ACTS
1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries.
1936: forbid loans to all belligerents
1937: “Cash and Carry” principle: all nations must pay for nonmilitary purchases and ship the goods in their own vessels
Neutral

6. NEUTRALITY ACTS
1939: prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of belligerent nations
1940: Lend Lease program offered to Great Britain…. U.S. becomes the “arsenal of democracy”
FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for war…..
Neutral

7. Destroyers for Bases US would give British Naval Ships (Destroyers)
British would give US access to land on British Territories

8. Conscription Law (1940) First Peace-Time Draft in American History
Only to be used in Western Hemisphere (Self-Defense)

9. May 1940: Germany turned west and invaded France and the Netherlands
In May 1940, Germany used Blitzkrieg tactics to attack France and the Netherlands.
British troops were forced to retreat from the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France.
Captured British troops, May 1940

10. By June 1940, France had surrendered to the Germans
Britain now stood alone as the last remaining enemy of Hitler’s Germany in Western Europe.
Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his successful invasion.

11. September 1940-May 1941: the Blitz
For the following nine months, the German air force (Luftwaffe) launched repeated bombing raids on British towns and cities. This was known as the BLITZ and was an attempt to bomb Britain into submission.

12. THE BATTLE FOR BRITAIN Hitler crushes France in June 1940
Hitler’s last enemy was Great Britain, who along with France had been defeated at the battle of Dunkirk
Battle of Britain, largest air battle ever fought in the history of warfare.
July to November 1940 and was won by the Royal Air Force (RAF or British Air Force).
First major German loss in WWII and forced Hitler to change his strategy
British people fought for their country and a possible Nazi invasion (Operation Sea Lion).
Hitler wanted to gain air supremacy.

13. Britain
THE BATTLE FOR BRITAIN
London’s Casualties 43,000 Killed 51,000 Seriously injured 88,000 Slightly injured
Nearly 500 (RAF) pilots and aircrew had been killed, 500 wounded and 915 aircraft were destroyed.
The once undefeated Luftwaffe (Nazis) had been beaten and lost 1733 aircraft and crews in the process.
Their immortality (RAF) was guaranteed when Churchill in a speech made on the 20th August said
"Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few".

14. Now Britain Is All Alone!
Winston Churchill, the Prime Minister of Great Britain.
The “Lion of England”

15. Battle of Britain – the “Blitz”

16. The London “Tube”: Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz

17. AMERICAN NEUTRALITY Americans wanted to remain neutral.
America First Committee
Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies
Feb. 21, 1940:
If Germany is defeating England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler? Yes: 23% No 77%
Neutral

18. LEND LEASE
RENTING, LEASING, GIVING BRITAIN AND LATER SOVIET UNION AND CHINA, MILITARY WEAPONS TO ARM THEM AGAINST THE GERMANS AND JAPANESE…
FDR’s FINAL ATTEMPT TO REMAIN NEUTRAL!
USA BECOMES THE “ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY”
LEND LEASE

19. ATLANTIC CHARTER FIRST, we seek not conquest of land or territory…..
SECOND, no territorial changes of land between nations.
THIRD, Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government
FOURTH, Access to raw materials for all
FIFTH, World economic cooperation
SIXTH, Freedom from fear and want
SEVENTH, freedom of the seas
EIGHTH, Disarmament of aggressors
NINTH, a United Nations for world peace.

20. “Lend-Lease” Act (1941)
Great Britain $31 billion Soviet Union $11 billion France $ 3 billion China $1.5 billion Other European $500 million South America $400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000

21. LEND LEASE
lend lease
The US offered Lend Lease as a last defense to stay out of war. It was given to Britain during the Battle of Britain in 1940, the Soviet Union after Hitler’s invasion in 1941 and China. The US became the “arsenal of democracy”.

22. Pearl Harbor

23. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

24. Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Plane

25. A date which will live in infamy!
Pearl Harbor – Dec. 7, 1941
A date which will live in infamy!

26. FDR Signs the War Declaration

27. USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

28. Pearl Harbor Memorial
2,887 Americans Dead!

29. U.S RESPONSE TO FASCIST AGGRESSION
Japan invades Manchuria, WWII begins in Asia
Italy invades Ethiopia
Hitler invades the Rhineland
to Spanish Civil War
Japan invades China
Hitler takes Sudetenland
US and League of Nations demands Japan to get out---Stimson Doctrine
L/N demands Italy to get out—No US sell of weapons
L/N demands Germany to get out---US Neutrality and refuses to sell arms to Germany
US Neutrality----Spain becomes a fascist dictatorship
US neutral but demands Japan to withdraw and refuses to sell iron, steel and gasoline products
Munich Conference--Great Britain and France give into Hitler, Appeasement
US Neutral but FDR writes a letter to Hitler & Mussolini asking them to guarantee no more aggression.
CHART

30. U.S RESPONSE TO FASCIST AGGRESSION
CHART
Cannot trust “the words of a dictator”
Britain & France declare war on Germany on Sept. 1, US neutral, extends Cash and Carry Policy to Allies
US neutral--freezes German assets--begins military buildup
US neutral, begins peacetime draft—Selective Service
US neutral but demands withdrawal and freezes Japanese money, Property and embargo of oil, iron and steel.
US neutral but extends Lend Lease policy to Great Britain—last Democratic Nation—Battle of Britian US becomes the arsenal of democracy
, Hitler takes Czechoslovakia
8. Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invades Poland which begins WWII in Europe
Hitler’s inasion of Norway, Denmark, Holland and Belgium
Hitler takes France
Japan’s invades Indochina
Hitler attacks Great Britian

31. U.S RESPONSE TO FASCIST AGGRESSION
Hitler’s invasion of Russia
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
Dec. 7, Day of Infamy
US neutral but extends Lend Lease to Russia…...US & Great Britain draw up war goals in the Atlantic Charter
Neutrality is ended and US declares war on Japan, Germany and Italy declare war on US
CHART