1. Ancient Greece
3000 BCE-336 BCE
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2. The Aegean World ( includes Greece, Crete and Rhodes, and lands of Ionia)
Physical Geography
Greece is a peninsula and a group of islands in the Mediterranean Sea
Mountainous, rocky
Only fertile soil in valleys near the coast
Climate: Summers tend to be hot, winters mild
With little farmland, Greeks depended on the sea for food.
Most people settled in valleys near the coast to farm and fish.

3. The Rise of City-States
Minoans-lived on the island of Crete beginning around 3000 BCE
Skilled sailors, developed a writing system, traded with Greece, Egypt, and Sicily
Mycenaeans-lived on the mainland
1400 BCE Mycenaeans conquered the Minoans, borrowed their writing system and built fortified homes
City-States-(a city or town that controls surrounding villages and farmland nearby) form
Each independent, fought with each other
Ran by aristocracies- wealthy land owners

4. Athens VS Sparta: Brains vs Brawn
Athens Sparta
1._____________ _________________
2._____________ _________________
3._____________ _________________
4._____________ _________________
5._____________ _________________

5. Tyranny to Democracy
In many city-states, farmers and merchants rebelled against the aristocrats.
To restore order tyrants (leader who gains power by force) to control
Some replaced by an Oligarchy-government in which a small group of people rule
Trade Networks Expand-Sea trade was a link to the outside world
Asia Minor, Egypt, Mesopotamia
Traded gold, silver, iron, olive oil, and spread Greek culture
Greece became a cultural hearth or center of new practices and ideas
Athenian Democracy-stop the abuse of power, encourage political freedom

6. Athenian Democracy Solon- early reformer
Ended the practice of enslaving people who could not payoff debts
Granted all citizens the right to vote
Adult males-women could not vote
Foreign residents were denied citizenship
Pericles-more democratic reforms
Set up salaries for public officials so poor people could serve
Athens became the first direct democracy-citizens take part in the government

7. A New Form of Government and Justice pg 386
What was the Athenians political system called and what does it mean?
T or F There were no judges or lawyers in Athens.
What were the 4 basic elements of democracy that originated in Athe
What was the task of the Magistrate?
Why is debate important in a democracy?
DO NOT WRITE ON, START A NEW SHEET OF LINED PAPER!

8. Life in Ancient Greece-Classical Period 500 BCE-323 BCE
Great Advances in learning and art.
Athens(named for the goddess Athena) was the cultural center of Greece.
Greek Religion
Believed in many deities-beings with supernatural powers
No religious books
Used mythology, or collection of stories about history and gods
Love of Wisdom
Studied Philosophy, or love of wisdom
Greek Philosophers-Socrates, his student-Plato; Plato’s student-Aristotle whose student was Alexander the Great
Debated government, ethics and the meaning of life

9. Math, Science and History
Through Mathematics and observation the ancient Greek astronomer Aristarchus concluded the Earth circles the sun
Historian, Herodotus was the considered the father of Greek history
Historians and soldiers, Thucydides wrote the history of the Pelopponesian Wars, Xenophon wrote about Greek history and the sayings of Socrates.

10. Greek art and leisure Greek Plays Architecture Olympics
Playwrights: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides wrote great tragedies
Playwright: Aristophanes’ plays were comedies
Architecture
Temples most impressive buildings-long chamber with columns
Parthenon in Athens is the most famous
Olympics
Started as a festival to honor Zeus
Games included running, wrestling and jumping

11. Greek Life Housing Food City Slavery
Most people lived in simple homes made from mud bricks.
Food
Meals consisted of bread, cheese, olives and fish
City
Agora-at the center of the city, includes: council house, religious shrines, and market
Slavery
1/3 of population of Athens
Captured during battle or children of enslaved people
Could buy their freedom

12. Conflict and Decline The Persian Wars Decline of City-States
1st led by Darius, king of Persia. Greeks won
2nd led by Xerxes, son of Darius. Sparta and Athenians join together to defeat Persia again
Decline of City-States
Peloponnesian War-Sparta VS Athens 431 BCE
27years, Sparta defeats Athens-ending the Golden Age of Athens
Alexander the Great defeats Greece adds Greece to his empire (map pg 388)
Spread of Greek culture
As a result of Alexander’s conquests, Greek culture spread to Asia, Europe and North Africa.