1. Do Tangible Interfaces Enhance Learning?
Paul Marshall

2. Learning with Tangibles
A tangible user interface is one in which interaction with a system is done in a physical way.
It is a generally accepted idea that hands-on work in a field of study will significantly improve education.
The largest target audience is children.

3. Six Perspectives on Learning with Tangibles
Possible learning benefits
Typical learning domain
Exploratory and expressive activity
Integration of representations
Concreteness and sensory directness
Effects of physicality

4. Primary Learning Domains
Narratives
Programming
Molecular biology and chemistry
Dynamic systems

5. Bringing the Physical and Digital Together
There must be a happy median.
Mixture of concrete and abstract representations can be a beneficial pairing.
Physical activity and cognitive activity work together.
Recent studies tend towards an opinion that tangible systems support and further learning.

6. Tangible Weaknesses
Empirical studies contrasting tangible and intangible learning are rare.
Some of the few comparisons have reported no difference with children.
Without actual benefits, physical interfaces are merely wasted space.
More evidence is crucial to furthering tangible interface learning

7. Works Cited
Paul Marshall Do tangible interfaces enhance learning?. In Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction (TEI '07). ACM, New York, NY, USA, DOI= /