1. 10월 22일 중간고사 (25%) 강의 노트 + 교과서 + Readings on KLAS
교과서 범위 = 1장, 2장, 3장, 6장
 careful reading is a “must-do.”
Multiple-choice questions  15 questions
Short ID questions  5 questions
답안은 우리말 혹은 영어 모두 가능
시험 당일 분반예정  장소는 추후 공지

2. Example MC Question
Q) During the Constitutional Convention, ___________
entered the Constitution as the president’s only
unchecked power.
A. the pardon power
B. the commander-in-chief power
C. treaty-making power
D. ambassador appointment power

3. Example Short ID Question
Q) “Necessary and Proper” Clause Congress can make all laws which shall be necessary and proper. This is the single most extensive grant of power in the Constitution, giving Congress authority over many different spheres of public policy.

4. How to understand American political history?
“Modern Presidency” approach
Tradition vs. Modern (dichotomous)
1932 election of FDR
“Critical elections” approach
“Not every election is equal.”
Critical elections of 1800, 1828, 1860, 1896, 1932, 1980
“Political Time Presidency” approach
Periodicity and pattern
Presidents’ situation related to political regime

5. “Political Time” Presidency (Stephen Skowronek)

6. A dominant ideological regime and each president’s association with it
President’s own
political identity (resources)
Opposed Affiliated
Regime strength
Vulnerable
Resilient
1. Politics of
Reconstruction
(Jefferson, Jackson, Lincoln,
FDR, Reagan)
4. Politics of
Disjunction
(John Quincy Adams, Buchanan, Hoover, Carter)
3. Politics of
Preemption
(Andrew Johnson, Wilson,
Nixon, Clinton)
2. Politics of
Articulation
(Monroe, Polk, TR, LBJ)

7. Political Times I Politics of Reconstruction Opposed to a weak regime
Wins a big election that repudiates weak regime’s ideas (“critical election theory”)
Mandate for change and wide leeway to control nation’s new agenda
Jackson (the Jacksonian Democracy)
FDR (the New Deal era)
Reagan (the “center-right” country)

8. Political Times II Politics of Articulation (“faithful sons”)
Affiliated with a resilient regime
Sticking with dominant ideology of their party’s
regime and carving out own policy niche
Dealing with conflicting factions with a strong regime
Polk (the Jacksonian Democracy)
LBJ (the New Deal era)
Bush 41 (center-right country)

9. Political Times III Politics of Preemption
Opposed to a dominant regime
Have to co-opt some of the dominant regime’s
ideas and little legitimate authority to change policy
commitments
Andrew Johnson (vs. radical Republicans),
Nixon (vs. liberal Democrats),
Clinton (vs. conservative Republicans)

10. Political Times IV Politics of Disjunction
Affiliated with a vulnerable regime
Can’t stand up for regime that is no longer popular, also can’t criticize it because it’s his own party
Less authority over national debate and tend to be seen as failures
John Quincy Adams (prior to Jackson)
Hoover (prior to FDR)
Carter (prior to Reagan)
Cf) What if McCain had won in 2008?

11. Obama and the “Political Time” Presidency
How do you know about regime strength?
Resilient vs. vulnerable?
Is America still “center-right” country?
Has the “Reagan Revolution” ended?
Where is the Obama presidency placed?
Where does President Obama stand?
What is his affiliation with the dominant system?
Does Obama belong to the politics of (second-round) preemption or reconstruction?

12. Ch 2. The U.S. Constitution
Constitutions are all important in all countries.
Setting the basic parameters for the political process,
safeguarding key rights, and establishing the
institutions of government
The U.S. Constitution is even more central to American
political life, because of its great _l______________ and the
enormous _r______________ with which it is treated.
The American Anomaly Ch 2. Constitution, p.27
At the same time, its exceptional age and its brevity mean
that the U.S. Constitution is full of idiosyncrasies and silences.

13. The Basics of the U. S. Constitution http://www. law. cornell
Article I [The Legislative Branch] Article II [The Presidency] Article III [The Judiciary] Article IV [The States] Article V [The Amendment Process] Article VI [Legal Status of the Constitution] Article VII [Ratification] Amendment I [Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, Petition (1791)] Amendment II [Right to Bear Arms (1791)] Amendment III [Quartering of Troops (1791)] Amendment IV [Search and Seizure (1791)] Amendment V [Grand Jury, Double Jeopardy, Self-Incrimination, Due Process (1791)] Amendment VI [Criminal Prosecutions - Jury Trial, Right to Confront and to Counsel (1791)] Amendment VII [Common Law Suits - Jury Trial (1791)] Amendment VIII [Excess Bail or Fines, Cruel and Unusual Punishment (1791)] Amendment IX [Non-Enumerated Rights (1791)] Amendment X [Rights Reserved to States (1791)]

14. The Basics of the U. S. Constitution http://www. law. cornell
Amendment XI [Suits Against a State (1795)]
Amendment XII [Election of President and Vice-President (1804)]
Amendment XIII [Abolition of Slavery (1865)]
Amendment XIV [Privileges and Immunities, Due Process, Equal Protection, Apportionment of Representatives, Civil War Disqualification and Debt (1868)]
Amendment XV [Rights Not to Be Denied on Account of Race (1870)]
Amendment XVI [Income Tax (1913)]
Amendment XVII [Election of Senators (1913)
Amendment XVIII [Prohibition (1919)]
Amendment XIX [Women's Right to Vote (1920)
Amendment XX [Presidential Term and Succession (1933)]
Amendment XXI [Repeal of Prohibition (1933)]
Amendment XXII [Two Term Limit on President (1951)]
Amendment XXIII [Presidential Vote in D.C. (1961)]
Amendment XXIV [Poll Tax (1964)]
Amendment XXV [Presidential Succession (1967)]
Amendment XXVI [Right to Vote at Age 18 (1971)]
Amendment XXVII [Compensation of Members of Congress (1992)]

15. US Constitution and American Political History
Article I = the Legislative Branch (US Congress)
Detailed and long
“enumerated powers” of Congress
Article II = the Executive Branch (Presidency)
Ambiguous and short  basis for the evolution of prez power
“inherent powers” of President
Some Constitutional Amendments
12th Amendment (1804)
20th Amendment (1933)
22nd Amendment (1951)
25th Amendment (1967)

16. The U.S. Constitution Article I – The Legislative Branch
Article 1 - The Legislative Branch
Section 1 - The Legislature
Section 2 - The House
Section 3 - The Senate
Section 4 - Elections, Meetings
Section 5 - Membership, Rules, Journals, Adjournment
Section 6 - Compensation
Section 7 - Revenue Bills, Legislative Process, Presidential Veto
Section 8 - Powers of Congress
Section 9 - Limits on Congress
Section 10 - Powers Prohibited of States

17. Article I, Section 8: Congressional Power
Broad powers over crucial economic matters
Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution sets out the
“enumerated” powers of Congress
Impose taxes, regulate interstate and foreign commerce
Ex) FTA between Korea and the United States passed by Congress
278 yeas vs. 151 nays in the House, 83 yeas vs. 15 nays in the Senate
“Necessary and Proper” (Elastic) Clause (Sec. 8)
Congress “to make all Laws which shall be necessary and
proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers.…”
This is the single most extensive grant of power in the
Constitution, giving Congress authority over many different
spheres of public policy.