1. Nationalism and Political Identities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America

2. Arthur Balfour
In 1917, Blafour Declaration
Israel/Palestine

3. India’s Quest for Home Rule
Indian National Congress founded 1885, to promote self-rule
British encouraged development of Muslim League (1906) to counter Congress

4. Mohandas K. Gandhi ( )
Returned to India 1915, made Indian National Congress into a mass movement
Titled Mahatma: “great soul”
Opposed caste system

5. Gandhi’s Passive Resistance
Ahimsa: non-violence
Satyagraha: passive resistance (“truth and firmness”)
Civil Disobedience Movement
Boycott of British Institutions
Armritsar Massacre (1919)

6. The Salt Satyagraha (Salt March)
On March 12, 1930 led 78 followers on a 240 mile march to the sea, where salt was readily available, but forbidden to be taken.
Thousands will meet him at the sea.

7. Gandhi during the Salt March, March 1930

8. The Government of India Act (1937)
Creation of autonomous legislature
Muslim fears of Hindu dominance
Muhammad Ali Jinnah ( ) proposes partition, creation of the State of Pakistan

9. Muhammad Ali Jinnah & The Muslim League
Jinnah with Gandhi, 1944

10. The Partition: August 15, 1947

12. Sun Yat-sen and the Republic of China
When workers, peasants, students and warlords toppled the monarchy in 1911, Sun Yat-sen was named president of the new Republic of China.

13. “Three Principles of the People”
The people’s government, the people’s rights, and the people’s livelihood.

14. Sun Yatsen Created Nationalist People’s Party (Guomindang)
Accepts support from Soviet Union
Members of the Chinese Communist Party also join Guomindang

15. The Republic of China
Revolution in 1911 forces Emperor Puyi to abdicate
Sun Yatsen proclaims Republic of China in 1912
Political anarchy follows
Independent warlord exercise local control

16. Chinese Nationalism May Fourth Movement
Students, urban intellectuals protest foreign interference
Marxism increases in popularity
Chinese Communist Party
Leader: Mao Zedong ( )

18. Civil War
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek, ) takes over after death of Sun Yatsen
Launches military expedition
Targets communists
Communists flee 6,215 miles (The Long March)

19. The struggle for control in china, 1927 -1936

20. Imperialist Japan
Japan signs treaties under League of Nations to limit imperialist activity,
Militarist, imperialist circles advocate greater assertion of Japanese power in the region
China a soft target

21. The Mukden Incident (1931)
Japanese troops in Manchuria, China, secretly blow up small parts of the Japanese-built South Manchuria Railroad as pretext for war
League of Nations censures Japan, Japan leaves the League of Nations

22. Africa and the Great War
African colonies participate in World War I
Encouraged local rebellions, challenges to European domination

23. Africa’s New Elite Post-war class of elite
Often influenced by education, other experiences abroad
Jomu Kenyatta, Kenyan nationalist
Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana nationalist
Pan-Africanism

24. Latin American Developments
Reaction against U.S. influence
Explore alternate political ideologies, Marxism
Fidel Castro (Cuba)

25. Fidel Castro

26. United States Economic Domination
Great War ensures US domination
Huge capital investment in Latin America, export of raw materials

27. The United States in Latin America, 1895-1941

28. The “Good Neighbor Policy”
Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( )
Avoids direct intervention by supporting local leaders
US Marines train local militias

29. Nicaraguan Developments
Civil war in Nicaragua, 1920s
US supports Anastacio Somoza Garcia
Augusto César Sandino leads opposition to US influence
Somoza assassinates Sandino in 1934
Maintains good relations with US