1. Unit 9: Genetics
Biology!!

2. Front of class
Door

3. *Catalyst:*
What is the amino acid sequence (or protein) of the following DNA strand:
CCG TAC TTT
WEEK 29  4/16/15

4. 1/16/15
Learning Intention:
We will demonstrate knowledge of the effects a mutation in DNA has on the protein level.
4/16/15
Success Criteria:
We will be successful when we can explain the effects a mutation would have in any given scenario.

5. Reminders! Turn in project. Introduction Mutation stations!
AGENDA!
Reminders!
Turn in project.
Introduction
Mutation stations!
Closing assessment
Funny DNA rap…
Viola bday
Dayona was student of week

6. What/who motivates YOU?
Reminders!
Bioethics project due to me via by Friday!
Remember 
What/who motivates YOU?

7. Turn in your ALIEN PROJECT!
Staple packet & portrait together!
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8. Activity
Starting piece of DNA…
mRNA:
Protein:
Trait:

10. Mutations! A change in an organism’s DNA
If the DNA is changed, what else might be changed?
____________________________________________________________

11. Three types of mutations. ***add cookie comparison…
Insertion
deletion.

12. Today you will: You are given the original DNA on your sheet.
Stations A-E have mutated DNA.
You must identify what the next mRNA and then protein will be.
Also identify what the type of mutation is.

14. Let’s practice!
Original DNA Strand.

15. Activity
20 minutes

16. Activity EXPECTATIONS!
You may speak quietly while staying on-task.
C3-B4-ME. Then raise hand & wait patiently.
Mutation Stations!
Walking from station to station in an efficient & patient manner.
Actively transcribing & translating DNA & identifying mutation.
20 minutes

17. End Assessment Answer 1 of the 3 questions on the board.
5 minutes
Answer 1 of the 3 questions on the board.
Choose ONE and answer independently and silently!
Put in box when done, put binder away.
**Or give card with dna and new and they have to write what type they thought it was.
End

18. *Put name on one side of index card. Just write #1, 2, or 3
Did every station’s mutation create a new trait. Explain why or why not.
Draw a picture of spongebob if his DNA has the mutation from station E.

19. Assessment EXPECTATIONS!
SILENT.
Raise hand silently & wait patiently.
Mini assessment.
Sitting in assigned seat with distractions away.
Answering question in depth.

20. Welcome back  Let’s ROCK these next few months 
SUCCESS CRITERIA
4/14/15
Freebee
Welcome back  Let’s ROCK these next few months 

21. Effects of Mutations Genetic diseases Cancer New genetic traits
No harm at all

22. Genetic disorders Looking at negatives first
Then will go on to positives (AKA evolution)

23. TRANSCRIPTION: DNA  mRNA
Nitrogen bases:
In DNA we have these bases: Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), & Thymine (T)
mRNA has the same bases except it does NOT have Thymine (T). Instead it has Uracil (U)
Base-pairs:
In DNA:
A/T
G/C
In mRNA:
A/U

24. DNA Strand = A C C G A T C A A T G T mRNA Strand =
***When going from DNA to mRNA:
G → C
C → G
T → A
A → U
EXAMPLE:
Use the DNA strand below to transcribe an mRNA strand.
DNA Strand = A C C G A T C A A T G T
mRNA Strand =

25. TRANSLATION = mRNA → DNA
CODON = three base pairs
*Underline an example of a codon in the mRNA strand above ^^^
Each codon codes for a specific amino acid
A chain of amino acids is called a peptide chain and makes a protein

26. EXAMPLE:
Use the mRNA strand from above to translate a protein!
mRNA =
UGG CUA GUU ACA
Protein =

27. Determining Protein Sequence

29. RNA Ribonucleic Acid Single stranded
RNA is a special copy of DNA used to make proteins.

30. RNA nucleotides U= uracil (Replaces T) Complementary base pairs → A-U
Looks the same as DNA except…
U= uracil (Replaces T)
A= adenine
G= guanine
C=cytosine
Complementary base pairs →
A-U
C-G

31. Different types of RNA mRNA → messenger RNA rRNA → ribosomal RNA
carries a copy of the DNA’s instructions (code) for the creation of proteins.
rRNA → ribosomal RNA
Makes up ribosomes - structures where proteins are assembled.
tRNA → transfer RNA
carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.

32. 2 Steps to get from DNA to Protein
1) Transcription = DNA  RNA 2) Translation (tomorrow) = RNA  Protein

33. 1) Transcription DNA → mRNA In the nucleus
The process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA.

34. Transcription Process
1. RNA polymerase is an enzyme that
uses only one side of DNA to create a single strand of RNA.
Uses DNA as a template to lay RNA nucleotides in a specific order according to the DNA code.

35. Transcription Process
2. New bases are added according to the base pairing rules: A with U, G with C, T with A DNA = A T T C G C A T T RNA = U A A G C G U A A

36. Translation mRNA → Protein
Process that converts or translates an mRNA message into a protein chain, called a polypeptide.

37. Amino Acids The “language” of proteins uses 20 amino acids Example:
Letters are strung together to make words
Nucleotides are strung together to code for amino acids

38. Codon
A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

39. Anticodon
A set of three nucleotides on tRNA that is complementary to a mRNA codon
Example:
Codon GGG pairs with Anticodon CCC

40. Translation Process
Translation begins at the start codon[AUG]-on the mRNA.
2. tRNA contains an anticodon that binds to the mRNA’s codon and carries one kind of amino acid.

41. Translation Process
3. The amino acids bond together and stop when a “stop codon” is reached. 4. The newly formed polypeptide (protein) is then released.