1. ORGANISATION AND STRUCTURE CHAPTER-7 (1st half)
Done by – Yuvraj.M
9B & Kushagra . A

2. What is Organisation Structure ?
How activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision are directed towards the achievement of organizational aims.
Refers to the level of management and division of responsibilities within an organisation.

3. Organisation Chart

4. What is an Organisation Chart?
a graphic representation
Shows the structure of an organization showing the relationships of the positions or jobs within it.

5. What is management ? , what is a role of a manager ?
Management is the process of dealing with or controlling things or people.
Managers are people responsible for controlling or administering an organization or group of staff.
Mangers need specific qualities – Efficiency and Effectiveness.

6. Hierarchical Structures

7. What are hierarchical structures
In a hierarchical organisation employees are ranked at various levels within the organisation
At each stage in the chain, one person has a number of workers directly under them, within their span of control.
Clearly defined promotion path.
Authority and responsibility are clearly defined

8. Advantages of an organisation chart -
Employees very loyal to their department within the organisation.
Every individual can see their own position in the organisation
The promotions and authority , with the responsibility is clear.
It shows the links and relationships between departments
A clear defined path / hierarchy

9. Disadvantages of an organisation chart -
Communication across various sections can be poor, especially horizontal communication.
Neglects specialists in planning
Overloads key persons.
Not showing informal channels and Not all communication channels are formal and well defined and organisational charts fail to capture them.
Maintenance

10. Chain of Command Establishes accountability
“chain of command” refers to a company's hierarchy of reporting relationships
it lays out a company's lines of authority and decision- making power.
Establishes a formation and a division of responsibilities , authority and relationships between departments.

11. Span of Control
The span of control is the number of subordinates for whom a manager is directly responsible.
This number varies with the type of work
also known as management ratio
ideal span of control, is the number of reports they feel a manager can effectively manage.
The average span of control will also impact the company's time to make decisions and cost structure.

12. SPAN OF CONTROL

13. Line and Staff managers
Line managers - a person with direct managerial responsibility for a particular employee.
A manager involved in running the main business activities of a company.
Staff Managers - is the management of subordinates in an organization.

14. Roles of mangement The ten roles are: Figurehead. Leader. Liaison.
Monitor.
Disseminator.
Spokesperson.
Entrepreneur.
Disturbance Handler.
Resource Allocator.
Negotiator.

15. Roles of management

16. 5 major roles -
Planning
Organising
Coordinating
Commanding

17. Planning Very essential for the future of the organisation
Need aims , goals and targets
These aims will give the organisation an idea and a sense of direction
The strategies

18. Organising
It is very essential for organsing and allocating the tasks for the future and the present
It is the mangers’ responsibilities
It issupported by the organisation plan , hierarchical plan and the organisational chart

19. Coordinating
Coordination and cooperation are key terms that an organisation needs to implement.
It means bringing together
It needs the help and aid from the mangers and the organisational plan.

20. Commanding 3 means of commanding – guiding , leading and supervising
Happens by the tasks of the mangement
There are instructions and commands
The workers need to follow it under the guidance of the mangers

21. Controlling A never ending task Mangers evaluate the work done
Managers measure and look through the work
WITHOUT EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT , THE BUSINESS IS GOING TO LACK –
A SENSE OF CONTROL
COORDINATION
COOPERATION
CONTROL OF EMPLOYEES

22. BIBLIOGRAPHY
of-control
nt-roles.htm
line-managers-hr.aspx
BUSINESS STUDIES BOOK

23. BUSINESS STUDIES CH-7 (2nd half)
BY – KUSHAGRA AGARWALLA
& YUVRAJ

24. WHAT IS DELEGATION?
Delegation means giving a subordinate the authority to perform a particular task. For e.g. – The first delegation example is merely giving directions to someone: telling them what to do. This type of micromanagement leaves you in control, but it is time consuming, redundant, and can easily lead to frustration.

25. Why might a manager not delegate??
They might be afraid that the subordinates might fail and the manager wants to control everything by themselves.
There is a risk that a subordinate might do a better job than the manager which could make the manager feel very insecure.
The manager of the company might get replaced by the subordinates of the company and therefore the manager will feel insecured as the subordinates do not reach the maturity level of that of the manager.
The manager might not be involved in the important decision making situations but sub ordinate might be there. So, therefore the manager might feel insecured in this decision as well and might not delegate.

26. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE GOOD MANAGERS?
It is important to have a good manager due to the following reasons :
To motivate the employees.
To give guidance or suggest the employees they have.
To inspire employees to increase production and achieve a higher level of goods.
To keep costs under control.
To increase profitability to the business.

27. WHAT IS LEADERSHIP?
The action of leading a group of people or an organization, or the ability to do a work which you specialise at and motivate your partners is known as leadership.

28. TYPES OF LEADERSHIP
Autocratic leadership – it is when the manager expects to the incharge of the business and wants to have his/her orders followed.
Democratic leadership – it involves employees in the decision making process and discuss about future plans.
Laissez faire leadership – it is a french word which means ‘leave to do’. It tends to make the broad objectives of the business which is known to the employees but then they are left to make their own decisions and organise their work.

29. WHAT ARE TRADE UNIONS?
A trade union is a group of workers who have joined together to ensure that their interests are protected. Today the trade unions are found in many countries around the world from US to Papua New Guinea.

30. WHY DO WORKERS PREFER TO JOIN A TRADE UNION?
Workers prefer to join a trade union because of the following reasons :
1] Job security
2] Wages and benefits
3] Working conditions
4] Fair and just supervisions
5] Powerlessness
6] Health and the safety conditions.

31. BENEFITS OF JOINING A TRADE UNION
Improved working conditions.
Improved pay.
Strength in numbers.
Advice if dismissed.
Representation in grievances with management.
Services such as insurance , social facilities.

32. Thank you
Done by – yuvraj , kushagra