1. Chapter 1 Medical Terminology

2. Word Parts 4 types of word parts Suffix- comes at the end of the word
Root Word- contains the basic meaning of the term
Body part
Hepat – liver
Combining Form- a root word with a vowel on the end so that a suffix with a consonant can be added
Hepat/o- liver
“o” is the most commonly used combining vowel
Suffix- comes at the end of the word
Usually but not always indicates procedure/condition/disorder/diseas e
Plasty- surgical repair
-itis- inflammation
Algia- pain/suffering
Prefix- comes at the beginning of the word
Usually indicates location, number, or status
Pre- before
Peri- during
Post- after

3. Word Parts Word Part Rules A root word canNOT stand alone
A suffix must be added
A vowel must be added to the root word when combining with a suffix that begins with a consonant
Prefix always goes before the root word

4. Word Parts Rules for Using Combining Form Vowels
A combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with the consonant
A combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel
A combining vowel is used when two or more word roots are joined

5. Word Parts- Suffixes
Noun endings- some suffixes change root words to nouns
Cran/i- brain; cranium (-um changes the root word cran/I to a noun)
“Pertaining to”- some suffixes change the root word to an adjective
Card/i- heart; cardiac (-ac changes the root word card/I to an adjective)
Abnormal Condition- many suffixes mean abnormal condition
Gastr/o- stomach; gastrosis (-osis makes the word mean abnormal condition of the stomach)
Pathology- these suffixes describe disease conditions
Gastr/o- stomach; gatralgia (-algia means pain; creating the word stomach pain)
Gastr/o-stomach: gastrodynia (-dynia means pain; creating the word stomach pain)
Gastr/o- stomach; gastritis (-it is means inflammation; creating the word stomach inflammation)
Arteri/o- artery; arteriomalacia (-malacia means abnormal softening; creating the word meaning abnormal softening of the arteries
Hepat/o- liver; hepatomegaly (-megaly means enlargement; creating the word enlargement of the liver)
Arteri/o- artery; arterionecorsis (-necrosis means tissue death; creating the world meaning tissue death of an artery)
Arteri/o- artery; arteriosclerosis (-sclerosis means hardening; creating the word meaning hardening of the artery)
Arteri/o-artery; arteriostenosis (-stenosis means narrowing; creating the word meaning narrowing of the artery)

6. Word Parts- Suffixes
Pathology- these suffixes describe disease conditions
Gastr/o- stomach; gatralgia (-algia means pain; creating the word stomach pain)
Gastr/o-stomach: gastrodynia (-dynia means pain; creating the word stomach pain)
Gastr/o- stomach; gastritis (-it is means inflammation; creating the word stomach inflammation)
Arteri/o- artery; arteriomalacia (-malacia means abnormal softening; creating the word meaning abnormal softening of the arteries
Hepat/o- liver; hepatomegaly (-megaly means enlargement; creating the word enlargement of the liver)
Arteri/o- artery; arterionecorsis (-necrosis means tissue death; creating the world meaning tissue death of an artery)
Arteri/o- artery; arteriosclerosis (-sclerosis means hardening; creating the word meaning hardening of the artery)
Arteri/o-artery; arteriostenosis (-stenosis means narrowing; creating the word meaning narrowing of the artery)

7. Word Parts- Suffixes
Procedures- some suffixes identify the procedure being performed
Abdomin/o- abdominal; abdominocentesis (-centesis means removal of fluid)
Angi/o- blood vessel; angiography (-graphy means the process of producing a picture)
Angi/o- blood vessel; angiogram (-gram means picture or record)
Myo- muscle; myoplasty (-plasty means surgical repair)
Arthr/o- joint; arthroscopy (-scopy means visual examination)
Double “R”- have two “Rs” in the suffix
Hem/o- blood; hemorrhage (-rrhage means bursting forth of blood; creating the word meaning the loss of a large amount of blood)
My/o- muscle; myorrhaphy (-rrhaphy means surgical suturing to close a wound; creating the word meaning suturing of a muscle)
Dia- through; diarrhea (-rrhea means flow/discharge; creating the word meaning the flow through the body)
My/o- muscle; myorrhexis (-rrhexis means rupture; creating the word meaning the rupture of muscle

8. Word Parts- Prefixes
Added to the beginning of a word to influence the meaning of that term
Location, time , number
Natal- pertaining to birth; prenatal (pre- prior to; meaning prior to birth)
Natal- pertaining to birth; perinatal (peri- time surrounding; time surrounding birth)
Natal-pertaining to birth; postnatal (post- time after; time after birth)
Ab- away from
Ad- toward the direction of
Dys- bad/painful
Eu-normal
Hyper- increased/excessive
Hypo- decreased/deficient
Inter-between
Intra-inside
Sub- under/below
Super/supra- above/excessive

9. Word Parts
You can determine the meaning of a word by just knowing the meaning of the root word
Separate the word in to parts prefix/root word/suffix
Start at the end of the word, with the suffix, and work backward to prefix
Identify the meaning of each part
Determine the context of the word if the word has multiple meanings
Double check in medical dictionary
Remember not all medical terms are made up of word parts

10. Word Part Practice -centesis (removal of fluid) -itis (inflammation)
Thor/a (chest)
Cardi/o- heart
Removal of fluid from the chest
Peri- throughout
Inflammation throughout the heart
-megaly (enlargement)
Ocular- eye
Spleen/o (spleen)
Intra- inside
Enlarged spleen
Inside the eye
Thoracentesis
Pericarditis
Spleenomegaly
Intraocular

11. Pronunciation/Spelling/Abbreviations
It is important to pronounce medical terms correctly Often times there are more than one “correct” pronunciation for a term Accurately spelling the terms is imperative!!! Changing just one letter can change the meaning of the word Abbreviations are frequently used, however, they must be used correctly. Abbreviations can cause errors Each facility has a policy regarding acceptable abbreviations

12. Plueral Forms Singular –a; pleural –ae
Singular –ex or –ix; pleural –ices
Singular –is; pleural –es
singular –it is; pleural drop –is and add –ide
Singular –nx; pleural –x or –ges
Singular –on; pleural –a
Singular –um; pleural –a
Singular –us; pleural -i

13. Look Alike/ Sound Alike
Arterio/o; ather/o; arthr/o
Arteri/o- artery
Ather/o- plaque/fatty substance
Arthr/o- joint
-ectomy; -ostomy; -otomy
Ectomy- surgical removal
-ostomy- surgical creating of an artificial opening
Otomy- cutting or surgical incision
Fissure/Fistula
Fissure- a groove or crack-like sore in the skin
Fistula- an abnormal passage
Ileum/Ilium
Ileum- the last and longest portion of the small intestines
Ilium- part of the hip bone
Infection/Inflammation
Infection- invasion by pathogenic organism
Inflammation- localized response to injury or destruction of tissue
Laceration/Lesion
Laceration- torn or jagged wound
Lesion- pathological change of tissue due to disease/injury
Mucous/Mucus
Mucous- mucous membranes lining a cavity
Mucus- fluid secreted by a mucous membrane

14. Look Alike/ Sound Alike
Myc/o; myel/o; my/o
Myc/o- fungus
Myel/o- bone marrow or spinal cord
My/o- muscle
-ologist/-ology
Ologist- specialist
Ology- study of
Palpation/palpitation
Palpation- examination technique using hand’s to feel texture, size, consistency, and location
Palpitation- pounding/racing heart
Prostate/Prostrate
Prostate- male gland
Prostrate- collapse and be lying flat or to be overcome with exhaustion
Pyel/o; py/o; pyr/o
Pyel/o- renal pelvis
Py/o- pus
Pyr/o- fever or fire
Supination/Suppuration
Supination- rotating arm so that palm is upward/forward
Suppuration- formation or discharge of pus
Triage/Trauma
Triage- medical screening of patient to determine priority of needs and place of treatment
Trauma- wound or injury
Viral/Virile
Viral- pertaining to a virus
Virile- having the nature/properties/qualities of an adult male

15. Important Terms to Know
Sign- objective evidence; it is measurable/evaluated; vital signs
Symptom- subjective evidence; reported and can only be evaluated by the patient; pain/headache
Syndrome- set of signs and symptoms that occur together with a specific disease; Migraines (headaches, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, pupil changes)
Diagnosis- identification of a disease
Differential diagnosis- to rule out (R/O) by identifying several diseases that could be producing the signs and symptoms
Prognosis- prediction of probable course/outcome

16. Important Terms to Know
Acute- rapid onset; short duration
Chronic- condition of long duration
Remission- temporary/partial/complete disappearance of a symptoms of a disease
Disease- condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally
Eponym- disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first
Acronym- word formed from the initial letter of the major parts of a compound term

17. DISCUSSION
Read the discussion question # 1 and 2 on p. 20 in your medical terminology book
Briefly jot down your response and be prepared to discuss in class.

18. Assignment Chapter 1 Worksheet p. 1- 6 Matching Word Parts 1
True/False
Word Surgery
Matching Word Parts 3
Matching Word Parts 4
Clinical Conditions
Matching Terms and Definitions 1
Which is the Correct Medical Term
Challenge Word Building
Matching Terms and Definitions 2
Which Word?
YOU ARE SKIPPING DEFINITIONS; SENTENCE COMPLETION;
Spelling Counts
Matching Terms
Term Selection

19. Assignment Chapter 1 StudyWare Quiz
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