1. Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
Grade 9
PPL10
Adapted and reproduced with permission from Alberta Health Services

2. Diversity and inclusion
Differences among people are accepted and celebrated rather than viewed as sources of separation
INCLUSION:
Everyone, regardless of race, culture, religion, gender, language, disability, sexual orientation, or any other attribute is included as part of the whole

3. CANADIAN HUMAN RIGHTS ACT (1985)
All individuals have an equal opportunity to make for themselves the lives that they are able and wish to have, without being hindered or prevented by discriminatory practices based on:
Race
National or ethnic origin
Colour
Religion
Age
Sex
Sexual orientation
Marital status
Family status
Disability
A conviction that has been pardoned
“The purpose of this Act is to extend the laws in Canada to give effect, within the purview of matters coming within the legislative authority of Parliament, to the principle that all individuals should have an opportunity equal with other individuals to make for themselves the lives that they are able and wish to have and to have their needs accommodated, consistent with their duties and obligations as members of society, without being hindered in or prevented from doing so by discriminatory practices based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered”

4. SEXUAL IDENTITY
All living things appear in nature with a wide range of naturally occurring variations. Humans vary in skin colour, hair colour, height, etc.
Just as we would expect to see people with red hair, blue eyes, or who are left-handed, it is also normal to expect to see a wide range of diversity within the spectrum of human sexual identity

5. SEXUAL IDENTITY
Sexual identity is developed from any number of influences before, during, and after birth
Four distinct and fluid characteristics shape how we think about ourselves and how we relate to others as sexual beings:
Biological Sex
Gender Identity
Sexual Orientation
Gender Expression

6. MALE INTERSEX FEMALE (XY) (XX)
Biological Sex
Classification based on our anatomy or genetics
MALE INTERSEX FEMALE (XY) (XX)
Biological sex is not always obvious
Some people are born with physical characteristics of both sexes (intersex)
Intersex conditions are not always visible at birth, and may not be noticed until puberty (when hormones produce unexpected changes) or during medical procedures
Biological sex is determined by five factors present at birth: the number and type of sex chromosomes; the type of gonads or testicles;
the sex hormones, the internal reproductive anatomy (such as the uterus in females), and the external genitalia.
People whose five characteristics are not either all typically male or all typically female at birth are intersex (formerly hermaphrodite). They may have combinations of characteristics typical of males and those typical of females, such as both a testis and an ovary, or XY chromosomes (the usual male pattern) and a vagina, or they may have features that are not completely male or completely female, such as an organ that could be thought of as a small penis or a large clitoris, or an XXY chromosomal pattern.

7. Gender Identity
One’s internal and psychological sense of oneself as male or female, or both or neither, regardless of sexual orientation
There are some people who question their gender identity and may feel unsure of their gender
Some people feel they are not of the same gender as their biological sex or physical body
Gender identity is how people think of themselves and identify in terms of sex (man, woman, boy, girl). Gender identity is a psychological quality; unlike biological sex, it can't be observed or measured, only reported by the individual. Like biological sex, it consists of more than two categories, and there's space in the middle for those who identify as a third gender, both (two-spirit), or neither.

8. Gender Identity: Cisgender
The term “cisgender” refers to people whose sex and gender are congruent by predominant cultural standards: women who have female bodies, men who have male bodies

9. Gender Identity: Transgender
The term “transgender” is used to refer to a person whose biological sex (i.e., anatomy, hormones, chromosomes) is inconsistent with their gender (i.e., sense of self, behavior, appearance). 
Some transgender people seek to change their sex to match their gender using medical procedures (i.e hormones, surgery).

10. GENDER IDENTITY IS NOT THE SAME AS SEXUAL ORIENTATION:
Sexual orientation is determined by a pattern of romantic, sexual, and emotional attractions felt by an individual toward members of the same sex, the opposite sex, or all sexes.
Who do you love?
Who are you attracted to?
Who do you care for?

11. Sexual Orientation
Heterosexual: attracted to individuals of the opposite sex (straight)
Homosexual: attracted to individuals of the same sex (gay, lesbian)
Bisexual: attracted to both sexes
Queer: attracted to the same or both sexes and/or transgendered individuals
Asexual: not experiencing sexual attractions
Sexual orientation indicates who we are erotically attracted to.
L= Lesbian
G= Gay
B= Bisexual
T= Transgendered or
T= Transsexual
Q= Queer or
Q= Questioning
I= Intersex
2S= Two Spirited
A= Allies

12. Gender Expression The roles that men and women adopt
A collection of attitudes and behaviours that are considered normal and appropriate in a specific culture for a particular sex
It can also be defined as how we communicate our gender to others
Masculine Feminine
Gender expression is everything we do that communicates our sex/gender to others: clothing, hair styles, mannerisms, way of speaking, roles we take in interactions, etc. This communication may be purposeful or accidental. It could also be called social gender because it relates to interactions between people. Gender expression is a continuum, with feminine at one end and masculine at the other. In between are gender expressions that are androgynous (neither masculine nor feminine) and those that combine elements of the two (sometimes called gender bending). Some people are comfortable with a wider range of gender expression than others.

13. Characteristics of Sexual Identity
For each scale, the popular notion that there are two distinct categories, with everyone falling neatly into one or the other, is a social construction. Although many people fall near one end of the scale or the other, very few people are actually at the extreme ends, and there are people at every point along the continuum.
Gender identity and sexual orientation are resistant to change. Although we don't yet have definitive answers to whether these are the result of biological influences, psychological ones, or both, we do know that they are established very early in life, possibly prenatally, and there are no methods that have been proven effective for changing either of these.
Some factors that make up biological sex can be changed, with more or less difficulty.
Gender expression is quite flexible for some people and more rigid for others. Most people feel strongly about expressing themselves in a way that's consistent with their inner gender identity and experience discomfort when they're not allowed to do so.
The four scales are independent. Our cultural expectation is that men occupy the extreme left ends of all four scales (male, man, masculine, attracted to women) and women occupy the right ends. But a person with male anatomy could be attracted to men (gay man), or could have a gender identity of "woman" (transsexual), or could have a feminine gender expression on occasion (cross dresser). A person with female anatomy could identify as a woman, have a somewhat masculine gender expression, and be attracted to women (butch lesbian).

14. Activity: Aspects of Identity
Refer to teacher’s reference (aspects of identity game instructions)

15. Activity: Aspects of Identity
These are the aspects of identity of a Grade 9 student.
Which aspects can’t be chosen (e.g. born with)? And which are things you can chose? Does the student have the power to change certain aspects or not?
Have you made any assumptions about the gender or sexual identity of this student?
How do you think this student would feel about wanting to ask someone out on a date?
Open the large envelopes only.

16. Activity: Aspects of Identity
Now open the small envelope included with your student’s aspects of identity.
How does his/her gender and sexual orientation or gender identity affect your previous assumptions about this student? Do you see your student differently now?
Out of all these aspects of identity, which would be hidden or unknown to people unless they were told about them?
How do you think this student would feel in the change room after gym class?

17. TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION: HOMOPHOBIA
Making generalizations (stereotyping) and/or treating a person or a group unfairly (discrimination) who are thought of as gay/lesbian or bisexual.
An irrational fear, hatred or repulsion of this group.
Often exhibited by prejudice, discrimination, intimidation, or acts of violence.

18. TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION: HETEROSEXISM
The belief or assumption that everyone is heterosexual and that heterosexuality is the only “right” and “natural” sexual orientation
The belief that heterosexuality is superior to homosexuality
Heterosexism is often expressed in more subtle forms than homophobia

19. LGBTQ PRIDELINE Durham
Community Resources
LGBTQ PRIDELINE Durham
PFLAG Durham Region
PRIDE Durham
Sexual Health Clinics

20. LGBTQ PRIDELINE Durham
This helpline provides emotional support, crisis intervention, and community referral information specific to the concerns and issues of the LGBTQ community in Durham Region.

21. Who Calls?
Questioning or confused about their sexual identity or orientation
Experiencing troubling or suicidal thoughts who may be identified as LGBTQ
Experiencing bullying or isolation and feel that this may be a reaction to their sexual identity or orientation
At risk of homelessness or other dangerous situations due to disclosing their sexual orientation (may be asked to leave the home)
Are experiencing problems at work due to their LGBTQ status
Are being "Gay Bashed"
Are a parent or sibling of someone who is LGBTQ identified and you have questions or simply need to talk about how you are feeling
Are looking for referrals to LGBTQ "friendly" services

22. PFLAG Canada Durham Region, ON
PFLAG Durham Region provides support, education and resources on issues of sexual orientation and gender identity/expressions for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, transsexual, two-spirit, intersex, queer, and questioning persons and their families and friends.
Peer-to-peer support teams are available by phone or to talk about anything you want to discuss about your own sexuality/gender expressions or the gender/sexuality of members of your family or friends.
pflagdurhamregion.com

23. Pride DURHAM
Pride Durham is a not-for-profit organization that hosts Pride and social events in Durham Region including the annual region-wide Pride the second weekend in June, celebrating Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Transgendered and Queer (LGBTQ) and associated peoples throughout our community.
Pride Durham exists to celebrate our culture, commemorate our heritage, educate against homophobia, and empower our diverse lesbian, gay, bi-sexual, transgendered, and associated community across Durham Region.
PrideDurham.com

24. Sexual Health Clinics
3 clinics in Durham Region: Oshawa, Pickering and Port Perry
Provide sexual health information, education, counseling, testing, treatment, birth control and referrals in a supportive and confidential environment
durham.ca/sexualhealth