1. Turn in any remaining Karyotype materials Get ready for a warm-up
Biology 12/19 and 12/20
Turn in any remaining Karyotype materials
Get ready for a warm-up

2. Warm-Up 12/19 and 12/20 Which pairs are considered autosomes?
Which are the sex chromosomes?
What is this person’s gender?
What is abnormal about this karyotype?

3. Sex Linked Traits
Some alleles for non-gender traits are found on the X Chromosome
Men are more likely to have disorders from these alleles because they have one X
All alleles on the man’s X chromosome will physically show up!
Women can just be carriers of a disorder if one X is normal

4. Sex-Linked Trait Problem
XC = normal vision Xc = color blind
Mom is carrier of color-blindness allele, but is not color blind (XCXc)
Dad has normal vision XC Y
XCXC
Normal daughter
XCY
Normal son
XCXc
Carrier Daughter
XcY
Color blind son XC Xc

5. Sex Linked Traits
Hemophilia and Muscular Dystrophy are also common sex-linked traits
Hemophilia: lack protein for normal blood clotting
Muscular Dystrophy: progressive weakening and loss of muscle

6. Due Next Time
X Linked Traits WS
Blood Types WS (p 5, 6, 7)

7. Blood Types In blood types, A and B are codominant, and O is recessive
Possible genotypes are AA, AB, BB, AO, BO, and OO
What is the phenotype of an AO person?
Type A Blood
What is the phenotype of an AB person?
Type AB Blood

8. More on Blood Types
The immune system attacks cells with foreign antigens (attachments)
AB can accept any types of blood/organs, because the body recognizes the antigens on A, B, AB, and O (no antigens)
O is the “universal donor” because it has no antigens, but someone with O can only receive O. 

9. More on Blood Types

10. What does O+ mean? Blood types also have a + or – attached them
There is a second antigen on the surface of a cell called the Rh factor
Rh positive = have the antigen
Rh negative = don’t have the antigen
Organs and blood can be rejected based on A, B, O, or Rh antigens

11. Can We Prevent Organ Rejection?