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3. Reproduction In Living Things sajaIvaaMtIla p`janana
Science
Std : 7 th
Chapter No. 7
Reproduction In Living Things
sajaIvaaMtIla p`janana

4. Reproduction
Every organism produces other organism of same species is called reproduction.
It is a natural process for existence of species even if individual plant or animal of that type die.

5. Modes of reproduction There are two modes of reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction

6. Living things divided into two groups 1) male and 2) female.
*Union of their gametes produces new individual, such a reproduction is called sexual reproduction.
*Reproduction without the union of gametes is called asexual reproduction.

7. male female new individuals Living things male gametes female gametes
Living things divided into two groups 1) male and 2) female.
Union of their gametes produces new individual, such a reproduction is called sexual reproduction.

8. Reproduction in plants
*Asexual reproduction: Plant like the grape vine, sugarcane, rose are produced from their vegetative ( SaakIya ) parts, this is called asexual reproduction.
*Sexual reproduction: In flowering plants fruits and seeds are produced, this is called sexual reproduction.

9. Grape vine

10. Sugarcane

11. Sugarcane farm in Brazil

12. Rose

13. Asexual reproduction in plants
*Vegetative reproduction ( SaakIya p`janana )
1) Reproduction from the parts of the plants such as the root, stem or leaf is called the vegetative reproduction.
2) This is a natural method.
3) New plant is exactly like the parent plant.
4) Ex. Rose, hibiscus (jaasvaMd) etc.

15. *From the root and stem
From the root: sweet potato (rtaLo)
From the stem: potato, turmeric, onion, chrysanthemum (SaovaMtI)
When we bury sweet potato, potato, turmeric, onion, chrysanthemum in the ground, it gives rise to new plant.
From leaves: bryophyllum (panafuTI)
Buds grow on the margin of leaf of bryophyllum plant.
When leaf falls on the ground it gave rise to new plant.

16. From the root: sweet potato

18. From the stem: potato, turmeric, onion, chrysanthemum

19. Turmeric

21. Chrysanthemum
When we bury sweet potato, potato, turmeric, onion, chrysanthemum in the ground, it gives rise to new plant.

22. From leaves: bryophyllum (panafuTI)
Buds grow on the margin of leaf of bryophyllum plant.
When leaf falls on the ground it gave rise to new plant.

23. bryophyllum

24. *Artificial method: Grafting (klama)
A branch of selected plant called scion (]praoipka) is tied firmly on the stock. (KuMT)
If the scion gets good supply of water and mineral salts then a new plant with the desired qualities is produced.
Ex. Mango, chickoo.

25. A branch of selected plant called scion (]praoipka) is tied firmly on the stock. (KuMT)

27. If the scion gets good supply of water and mineral salts then a new plant with the desired qualities is produced.

30. Plants like bacteria, fungi, algae do not have parts like root, stem, leaf and flower.
These plants reproduced by cell division (poSaI ivaBaajana), budding (kilakayana), sporogenesis (baIjaaNaUjanya) and segmentation (KMDIBavana)

31. *Cell division
Unicellular living things reproduce by cell division.
Nucleus in the fully grown cell divides to form two nuclei.
Protoplasm also divides to form two individual cells.
The new cells get divided in same way.
Ex. Bacteria, algae and chlorella.

32. Unicellular living things reproduce by cell division.
Nucleus in the fully grown cell divides to form two nuclei.
Protoplasm also divides to form two individual cells.
The new cells get divided in same way.
Ex. Bacteria, algae and chlorella.

33. *Budding In this method, original cell get a little swelling.
A part of nucleus enters in swelling and bud is formed.
This bud is grown into the cell called as parent cell.
The nucleus of parent cell divides into two nuclei.
One nucleus and some protoplasm enter in the bud.
Later this bud separates from the parent cell.
It becomes independent organism.
Reproduction from buds is called budding.
Ex. This type of reproduction seen in yeast (ikNva)

34. Budding In this method, original cell get a little swelling.
A part of nucleus enters in swelling and bud is formed.

35. This bud is grown into the cell called as parent cell.
The nucleus of parent cell divides into two nuclei.
One nucleus and some protoplasm enter in the bud.
Later this bud separates from the parent cell.
It becomes independent organism.

36. Reproduction from buds is called budding.
Ex. This type of reproduction seen in yeast (ikNva)

37. *Sporogenesis
Reproduction from spore is called sporogenesis.
Spore begins to grow in favorable condition, that is, enough moisture, warmth and oxygen.
A new plant grows from each spore.
Ex. Fungus grows on bread or pickles.

41. Reproduction from spore is called sporogenesis.
Spore begins to grow in favorable condition, that is, enough moisture, warmth and oxygen.
A new plant grows from each spore.
Ex. Fungus grows on bread or pickles.

42. *Segmentation
Reproduction from segment is called segmentation.
Small pieces or segments formed due to decomposition or some other reason.
Each segment give rise to new plant
Ex. Algae like spirogyra.

43. Reproduction from segment is called segmentation.
Small pieces or segments formed due to decomposition or some other reason.
Each segment give rise to new plant
Ex. Algae like spirogyra.

45. Reproduction in plant Sexual Asexual
Vegetative cell division budding sporogenesis segmentation
from the stem from the root from the leaf

46. Sexual reproduction in plants
Sexual reproduction takes place in flowering plant.
Flower is the sexual organ which contain androecium (male part) and gynoecium (female part).
Pollination: on maturation pollen grains from the androecium falls on the stigma of gynoecium this is called pollination. (pragaNa)
Fertilization
Pollen tube grows from the pollen grain.
Male gametes formed in pollen tube.
Male gametes unite with female gametes in the ovary.
This union is called fertilization.
Fertilization produces single cell called zygote.
Zygote leads to the formation of the seed and fruit.
Seed give rise to new plant.
In this way sexual reproduction takes place in plants.

48. Flower is the sexual organ which contain androecium (male part) & gynoecium (female part).

49. pollen grains from the androecium falls on the stigma of gynoecium this is called pollination

50. Pollen tube grows from the pollen grain.
Male gametes formed in pollen tube.
Male gametes unite with female gametes in the ovary.
This union is called fertilization.

51. Fertilization produces single cell called zygote.
Zygote leads to the formation of the seed and fruit.

52. Sexual reproduction in animals
Animals of higher order divided into male and female.
The male has male gametes while the female has female gametes.
Their union resulting in the formation of zygote in the womb of female.
The division and growth of zygote lead to the birth of new individuals.

53. Classification of organisms
On the basis of mode of birth animals divided in to two groups
Oviparous (AMDja)
Viviparous (jarayauja)

54. Oviparous Oviparous animals are those which hatch from an egg.
Ex. Snakes, hens and other birds.
After the union of male and female gamete zygote is formed.
A protective shell formed around the zygote is called as egg.
Nutrition required for zygote is provided in the egg.
The zygote divides and grows to form new organism.
This new organism breaks the egg and lives as independent individual.

55. Oviparous animals are those which hatch from an egg.
Ex. Snakes, hens and other birds.

59. After the union of male and female gamete zygote is formed.

60. A protective shell formed around the zygote is called as egg.
Nutrition required for zygote is provided in the egg.
The zygote divides and grows to form new organism

61. This new organism breaks the egg and lives as independent individual.

62. This new organism breaks the egg and lives as independent individual.

63. Viviparous Viviparous animal are born from the womb of the mother
Ex. Rabbit, rat, cat, man etc.
Zygote grows in the mother’s womb.
The womb is in the mother’s abdomen.
The zygote is nourished through the mother.
After complete growth offspring emerges from the womb.
The young one is depends on mother for nutrition after birth.
The mother suckles the young one.

65. Asexual reproduction in animals
Unicellular animals like amoeba reproduce by cell division.
Hydra reproduces by budding.

66. Unicellular animals like amoeba reproduce by cell division.

68. Hydra reproduces by budding

69. Perpetuation of species
A cat’s young one is like the cat itself.
Mango seed give rise to mango plant.
From the branch of rose planted in the soil, a rose bush is produced.
It means that a species of animal or plant continues to exist through reproduction.
Therefore species is perpetuated.

70. A cat’s young one is like the cat itself.

71. Mango seed give rise to mango plant.

72. From the branch of rose planted in the soil, a rose bush is produced.
It means that a species of animal or plant continues to exist through reproduction.
Therefore species is perpetuated.

73. Marutirao dagaduji tidake patil vidyalaya
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