1. 7th Grade American History
Colonial America

2. The Early English Settlements
Essential Question:
How did the Pilgrims and Wampanoag move from contact to cooperation to conflict?

3. The Lost Colony of Roanoke
1584 – Sir Walter Raleigh claims Roanoke Island for Queen Elizabeth
1587 – Raleigh sends John White, 91 men, 17 women and 9 children to Roanoke
When English ships return 3 years later, all colonists have disappeared

6. Jamestown Virginia Company – 1607
Settlers to search for gold and establish trade in fish and fur
Colonists face hardships of disease and hunger
Captain John Smith helps colony to survive first two years
Experienced explorer
Forces settlers to work
Sough corn from Native Americas led by Chief Powahatan

10. The Starving Time Winter of 1609-1610
Fighting breaks out with Native Americans
Begin growing tobacco – prosperity
John Rolfe marries Pocahontas
Relations with Native Americans improved

12. The Pilgrims’ Journey
Allowed to settle in Virginia to practice their religion freely
Only 35 of 102 passengers on board the Mayflower were Pilgrims
1620
Drop anchor in Cape Cod Bay
Mayflower Compact signed before going ashore

13. The Mayflower Compact…Would you sign?
Do you think the Pilgrims would have survived just as well if they had not written the Mayflower Compact?

14. Help from the Native Americans
First winter – Nearly ½ of the Pilgrims die of malnutrition, disease and cold
Spring – they befriend two Native Americans, Squanto and Samoset
Showed Pilgrims how to grow corn, beans and pumpkins
Helped them to make peace with Wampanoag people
The two groups lived in harmony

15. Answer the Essential Question
How did the Pilgrims and Wampanoag move from contact to cooperation to conflict?

16. Development of the 13 Colonies

17. New England Colonies Colonies Massachusetts New Hampshire Connecticut
Rhode Island

18. New England Colonies Reason Founded (MA) Religious Freedom
(NH/CN) Need more space for existing settlements
(RI) Safe place for outcasts and exiled people

19. New England Colonies
Religious
(MA) Puritanism
(RI) Tolerant

20. New England Colonies Economic Shipbuilding Fur and Fish Lumber Trade
Subsistence Farming

21. New England Colonies Important Info
Puritans – Came to America to practice their religion freely but had little toleration for other faiths.

22. Middle Colonies
Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Delaware
Pennsylvania

23. Middle Colonies Reason Founded (NY)Founded by Dutch for trade purposes
(NJ/DE) Expanded space for existing settlement
(PA) Quaker Refuge

25. Middle Colonies
Religion
(PA) Quakers

26. Middle Colonies
Economic
Combination of plantations and industries

27. Middle Colonies Important Info
William Penn saw PA as a chance to put Quaker ideals into practice. Quakers were pacifists and believed everyone was equal – “Society of Friends”
New York is originally, “New Netherland”

28. Southern Colonies
Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
Carolinas
Georgia

29. Southern Colonies Reason Founded (GA) Barrier to Spanish Florida
(VA) Gold

30. Southern Colonies
Religious
(MD) Catholic
(VA) Anglican

31. Southern Colonies Economic Plantation colonies
Cash Crops: Tobacco, Rice, Indigo

32. Southern Colonies Important Info Economies were based on slave labor
Bacon’s Rebellion showed American colonists would not be contained to the coast

33. Making Connections
1. Based on the map above, why do you think that New Netherland, later New York, was a valuable colony?
2. What was the main reason that Massachusetts colonists settled in the New World?
3. What was the significance of Bacon’s Rebellion?

34. Life in the Colonies Essential Question:
How did geography affect the development of the three colonial regions?

36. Population Growth Immigration
Women marry early and have large families
America is a healthy place to live

37. Farming Main economic activity for all colonies
Farms in North are smaller than those in the South
Why? ___________________________
Subsistence farming

38. Commerce in New England
Small businesses
Skilled craftsman trade their goods
Shipbuilding (Lumber!!!)
Fishing

40. The Middle Passage
Enslaved Africans march to West African coast, traded to Europeans, branded and forced onto a ship
Shipped to the West Indies (Middle Passage)
Travel to slave markets in American ports

41. Middle Passage

42. The Middle Colonies Mild climate –bigger harvests than in New England
Grew cash crops
Farmers sent cargoes of wheat and livestock to NYC and Philadelphia for shipment
Busy ports
Largest cities in the American colonies

43. Southern Colonies and Farming
Rich soil, warm climate
Large farms producing cash crops
Little industry develops

44. Tobacco and Rice Tobacco Rice Main crop in Maryland and Virginia
Main crop in South Carolina and Georgia
Very strenuous work = reliance on slave labor

45. Slavery
1705 – Virginia creates a slave code that defines relationship between enslaved people and free people
Illegal to teach Africans to read or write
Can’t leave plantation without written permission
Can’t assemble in large groups
Whipped for minor offenses
Hanged or burned to death for major offenses

48. Criticism of Slavery
More important to economic success of Southern colonies
Less support for slavery in Northern
Puritans and Quakers

49. Answer the Essential Question
How did geography affect the development of the three colonial regions (New England, Middle and Southern)?

50. Government, Religion and Culture
Essential Question:
In what way was an American culture developing during the colonial period?

51. American Spirit
** Americans were beginning to view themselves differently from the way Britain viewed them**

52. Mercantilism
England viewed its North American colonies as an economic resource

53. Navigation Acts
Colonial merchants could not use foreign ships to export goods
Colonists could not trade certain products outside England’s empire

54. Colonial Government Trial by Jury Government is not all powerful!
Limited government
Representative government

55. Voting Rights White men who owned property
Number of colonists participating in government is higher than anywhere in Europe

56. Family Roles Men are formal heads of household
Women run households, care for children, had few rights
Widows or unmarried women could run businesses and own property but could not vote

57. Education Children usually taught to read and write at home
Many colonies eventually developed schools
Harvard College: Established by Puritans in 1636

58. Answer the Essential Question
In what way was an American culture developing during this period?

59. The French and Indian War (1756-1763)
Essential Question:
Why did conflict arise in North America between France and Great Britain?

60. British and French Rivalry
Control of world trade
Control of North America
land west of the Appalachian Mountains (Ohio River Valley)

61. Native Americans Take Sides
French interested in fur trade while English are interested in colonization
French had many Native American allies; intermarriage is common and customs are followed
Native Americans often help French and raid British settlements

63. The Iroquois Confederacy
Most powerful group of Native Americans in the East (New York)
Mid 1770s – become British allies

65. Washington’s First Command
1754 – 22 year old George Washington becomes a lieutenant colonel
Washington and 150 militia men sent to build a fort in the Ohio River Valley
French already built Fort Duquesne
Washington attacked and was defeated
Washington is released and becomes colonial hero for striking the first blow against the French

66. The Albany Plan of Union
Developed by Benjamin Franklin
Representatives adopted a plan of unified colonial government to stand against the French
No colonies approved the plan. They didn’t want to give up their power
French and Indian War erupts

67. Britain Declares War on France
Fighting in America helps start Seven Years’ War in Europe
Early on the French are
Capturing British forts
Native American allies are raiding frontier farms from NY to PA
Killed settlers, burned farmhouses and crops
Drive many families back toward to coast

68. Pitt Takes Charge William Pitt: Great British military planner
Sent forces to recapture fortresses previously taken by French
Very successful

69. The Fall of New France The fall of Quebec and Montreal ended the war
British troops captured Quebec in 1759

70. The Treaty of Paris
1763 – Forces France to give Canada and most lands west of the Mississippi River to Great Britain
Also receives Spanish Florida and the port at New Orleans
French loss is a great blow to Native Americans

72. Making Connections
1. Why do you think Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union?
Answer the Essential Question: Why did conflict arise in North America between France and Great Britain?