1. Acids And Bases
Ms. DeMartin

2. Arrhenius Theory
Acids are substances which produce hydrogen ions in solution.
Bases are substances which produce hydroxide ions in solution.

3. What Types of acids Do we know about?

4. Common Acids hydrochloric acid HCl sulfuric acid H2 SO4
acetic acid C2H4O2
nitric acid HNO3
citric acid C6H8O7

5. What do we know about Bases?

6. Common Bases to know sodium bicarbonate Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Calcium hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Barium hydroxide
Ammonium

7. How to determine the strength of the acid
pH Scale
I substance contains a pH higher than 7 is a base
I substance contains a pH lower than 7 is an Acid

8. Neutralization Reactions
1. Sulfuric acid is used to neutralize calcium hydroxide:
H2SO4 + Ca(OH) 2  CaSO4 + 2H2O
2. Phosphoric acid helps to neutralize the compounds that cause rust, such as iron(II) hydroxide.
H3PO4 + 3Fe(OH)2  Fe3(PO4)2 + 6H2O
NEUTRALIZATION:
See page 263
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

9. Neutralization Reactions
Neutralization reactions occur when an acid (most compounds starting with H) and a base (most compounds ending in OH) react to form a salt and water.
Neutralization reactions are a type of double replacement.
Acid + base  salt + water
HX + MOH  MX + H2O
where X and M are elements
See page 263
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

10. Now You Try
In your group Make a list of 10 things that can be found in your house that are acidic
Make a list of 10 things that can be found in your house that are basic.
The group with the most different ones that other groups do not have will receive a prize tomorrow!!!