1. LAUNCH OF GEO STATIONARY SATELLITES
Satellite may be directly injected into low- altitude
orbits, upto about 200km altitude from a launch vehicle.
Launch vehicle may be classified as Expendable or
reusable.
An orbital altitude greater han about 200km is required, it is not economical in terms of launch vehicle power to perform direct injection, and the satellite must be placed into transfer orbit between the intial LEO and the final high altitude orbit.

2. LAUNCH OF GEO STATIONARY SATELLITES
The transfer orbit is selected to minimize the energy required for transfer, and such an orbit is known as a Hohmann transfer orbit.
The time required for transfer is longer for this orbit than all other possible transfer obits.
Hohmann transfer orbit

3. Throughout the launch and acquisition phases, a network of ground stations, spread across the earth, is required to perform the tracking, telemetry, and command (TT&C) functions. Velocity changes in the same plane change the geometry of the orbit but not its inclination. In order to change the inclination, a velocity change is required normal to the orbital plane. Changes in inclination can be made at either one of the nodes, without affecting the other orbital parameters. The relationship between inclination, latitude, and azimuth may be seen as follows

4. LAUNCH OF GEO STATIONARY SATELLITES
The dotted line shows the satellite earth track, the satellite having been launched at some azimuth angle Az. Angle i is the resulting Inclination.

6. With the STS, the satellite must carry a perigee kick motor which imparts the required thrust at perigee. Details of the expendable vehicle launch are shown in Fig. and of the STS launch in . At apogee, the apogee kick motor (AKM) changes the velocity of the satellite to place it into a circular orbit in the same plane. It takes 1 to 2 months for the satellite to be fully operational. Throughout the launch and acquisition phases, a network of ground stations, spread across the earth, is required to perform the tracking, telemetry, and command (TT&C) functions. Velocity changes in the same plane change the geometry of the of the orbit but not its inclination.