1. 2.11 Forces in Fluids - Review

2. Match the following terms with the numbers from the chart.
Water vapor ________5_________
Liquid Water ________3_________
Ice ________1_________
Heat of Fusion ________2_________
Heat of Vaporization ________4_________

3. 2. What is the difference between the heat of vaporization and heat of fusion?
Heat of Fusion – the amount of energy required to change a substance from solid phase to the liquid phase
Heat of Vaporization – the amount of energy required for the liquid to become a gas.

4. 3. What are the three assumptions of Kinetic Theory?
All matter is composed of small particles (atoms, molecules, and ions)
Particles are constant and random.
Particles collide with each other transferring kinetic energy.

5. 4. Show the three states of matter, their molecule speeds, and their molecule energies.
Solids – slow particles, close together, low energy
Liquids – Medium speed particles, medium spacing
Gases – fast moving particles, spread out, high energy

6. 5. Label the four phase changes shown and whether they are exothermic and endothermic.

7. 6. What are sublimation and deposition?
Sublimation-solid to gas (endo)
Deposition-gas to solid (exo)

8. 7. What is absolute zero?
The point at which all molecular movement stops ˚C

9. 8.Define Diffusion:
Diffusion is the spreading of particles throughout a given volume until they are uniformly distributed.

10. 9. Define Pressure
The result of a force distributed over a given area.

11. 10. What is the formula for Pressure?
Pressure = Force / Area

12. 11. What are the units for pressure?
Pascal’s

13. 12. Find the pressure of the following:
Force = 500N; Area = 200 m2
Pressure = Force / Area
Pressure = 500 N / 200 m2
Pressure = 2.5 Pascal's

14. 13. Explain how pressure in a fluid interacts
Pressure increases as depth increases.

15. 14. Explain how the pressure and attitude interact
Pressure decreases as the altitude increases

16. 15. Explain Pascal’s principle
A change in pressure at any point in a fluid is transmitted equally and unchanged in all directions throughout the fluid.

17. 16. How does Pascal’s Principle explain hydraulic systems?
An increased output force is produced because a constant pressure is exerted on the larger area of the output piston.

18. 17. Pascal’s Principle example with Pistons

19. 18. Explain Bernoulli’s principle?
As the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases

20. 19. How does Bernoulli’s principle help planes fly?

21. 20. Define buoyancy
The ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object placed in it.

22. Archimedes’ Principle
21. What is Archimedes’ Principle
Archimedes’ Principle
The buoyant force of an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object

23. Archimedes’ Principle
What is Archimedes’ Principle
Archimedes’ Principle

24. Archimedes’ Principle
22. How are density and buoyancy related?
Archimedes’ Principle
If an object is less dense than the fluid, it will float
If an object is more dense than the fluid, it will sink
If the fluid and the object have the same density, the object will be suspended in the fluid

25. Archimedes’ Principle
23. How does pressure move?
Archimedes’ Principle
Pressure moves from HIGH to LOW

26. Density
Which liquid has the lowest density?
Lamp Oil

27. Density
Which item has the greatest density?
Bolt

28. Egg In the Bottle
Where was the high and pressure in this experiment?
High - Outside the bottle
Low – Inside the bottle