1. Christian Missionaries and Oregon Pioneers
Page 154
Read Current Issues Update

2. Religions in the Pacific Northwest
Roman Catholicism
Protestant
Mormons
Jews
Muslims
Hinduism and Buddhism

3. Christian Missionaries
Definition of a missionary
A person sent on a religious mission
To promote Christianity in a foreign country/area

4. Religion in the World Roughly 7 billion Next come:
Roughly 2 billion are Christians
Next come:
Muslim
Hindu
Non-religious
Buddhist
Missionaries are extremely important today

5. Write Down/Read Keys to Understanding
Page 155
Catholic Ladder
Catholic Missionaries
Lee’s Mission
Nez Perce
Protestant Missionaries
Henry and Eliza Spalding
Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
Whitman Massacre

6. Assignment
Read pages 155 – 158, Historical Era through the Protestant Mission Objectives

7. Quiz True or False: The missionary period was between 1834-1847
True or False: There were tons of missionaries in the PNW in 1840
Name one reason that the Christian Missionary Era began in the PNW?
Name one of the main reasons Protestants built missions in the PNW.

8. Missionary
Matthew 28:19
"Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit”

9. Missionary Overview – Page 155
Missionary Era –
Roman Catholic and Protestant missionaries
Established missions and churches
Attempted to convert Native Americans
Historical Era
Jason Lee’s mission was the first
By Salem
Marcus and Narcissa Whitman’s deaths ended the period
Opened a 30 year period of conflicts
Brought advancement to the PNW

10. Prominent Missionaries
Protestant
Jason Lee
Daniel Lee
Henry and Eliza Spalding
Whitman's
Elkanah and Mary Walker
Catholic
Father DeSmet
Demers
Blanchet

11. Missions Created – Pg. 156

12. Reasons for the Missionary Period
To support local Christians
Ex: Hudson’s Bay Company
Christianize the Native Americans
Ex: Iroquois Indians
Read Second to last paragraph on page 158
(Under reasons for missionary period)

13. Protestant Mission Objectives
To Christianize the Native Americans
To Civilize N.A.
To develop an economic base to support the missionaries
To provide religious services (for settlers/traders)
To strengthen the claim to Oregon Country (by the U.S.)
To spread the Protestant religion before Catholics
To educate

14. Assignment Worksheet

15. Review Vocab – Read Through
Page 155

16. Protestant Missionary’s Tactics
Get people to come to the mission at a central location
Get them to live and work at the mission
Develop the settlers “accepted practices”

17. Jason and Daniel Lee What did you have written?
Were stationed in the Willamette River Valley area
Successful mission
Drew other missionaries here
Grew area

18. American Board Missionaries
What did you have written?
A group of Congregationalists, Dutch Reformers, and Presbyterians
Selected missionaries
William Gray
Henry and Eliza Spalding
Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
Settled in the Columbia Plateau

19. The Spalding's What did you have written? Settled in the Nez Perce
Successful – Why?
Friendliness of the Nez Perce
Communication with the Native Americans
Ability to teach
Relations with other residents at the mission

20. The Spalding's Ctn.
Developed a written alphabet for the Native Americans language
Printed parts of the Bible

21. The Whitman’s What did you have written? Near Walla Walla
Focused on Cayuse tribe
Created Waiilatpu Mission
On the Oregon Trail
The Whitman massacre

22. Reasons for the downfall of the Whitman's Work?
Dr. Whitman’s medical knowledge and aid
Waiilatpu’s location on the Oregon Trail and its attraction to immigrating settlers
The Whitman’s attempt to covert the Native Americans and “civilize” them
Narcissa’s negative attitude toward the local Native Americans

23. Roman Catholic Missionaries
Reasons for Success
They did not encourage further immigration into the region
The Catholic Ladder
Attractive rituals
Widespread mission sites
They did not emphasize changing the Native American culture
Traveled through the Native American tribe, rather than trying to get people to the missions

24. End of the Missionary Era
Ended in 1847
Missionaries contributed to violence for the following 30 years
Native Americans were confused by Catholic and Protestant teachings
Also animism vs. Christianity
Opened up the area to further:
Population growth
Economic activity

25. Quiz What Indian tribe did Eliza and Henry Spalding work closely with?
Who was massacred by the Cayuse Indians?
What was one Protestant Mission Objective?
Who started the first mission for the Protestants in the Pacific Northwest?
What mission did the Whitman’s build/live at?
What was one reason for the Catholic missionary’s success?

26. Quiz Ctn. Who was one Catholic missionary?
What was the name of the group that sent protestant missionaries out?
Which area did the Whitmans and Spaldings build their missions? Plateau or Coastal?
What is the dominant religion in the PNW today?
E.C. How many Native Americans did the Walkers convert?

27. Oregon Pioneers
Read Current Issues Update Page 168

28. Copy Down Keys to Understanding
Page 169
Fort Hall
Fort Vancouver
Independence
Landmarks
Oregon Promoters
Oregon Trail
Overland Trail
Willamette River Valley

29. Assignment
Read pages

30. Review Vocab Read Overview Some review questions from the reading…
Page 169
Some review questions from the reading…

31. What are the 3 historical eras?
Natural Era – 500 million years...
Native American era – 14,000 years
Modern Era – 200 and counting

32. What 4 countries participated in the exploration period?
Spain
Great Britain
Russia
United States

33. Where were the markets for the fur traders in the world?
Asia
United States
Western Europe

34. Pioneer Settlers Era: 1840 – 1869
500,000 people (roughly) migrated to Oregon and California
Crossed North American continent
Sailed around cape horn
Where is cape horn?
Would you choose California or Oregon?

35. Reasons to go West Why would people go west? Starting a new life
Personal adventure
Acquiring wealth by exploiting the region’s untapped resources
Increasing one’s political, social, or economic power and influence
Acquiring and developing free or inexpensive land
Following family members and other friends

36. Oregon Promoters Explorers and Fur traders Lewis and Clark’s journal
Scenic beauty, fertile soils, moderate climate
Lewis and Clark’s journal
Newspapers and magazines
Writers and authors
Other independent people

37. Around the Horn – Pg. 173 Expensive way to travel
3 month journey
Started in a big city on the coast
Philly
Boston
Baltimore
NYC
Landed in San Francisco or at the mouth of the Columbia

38. Assignment

39. The Oregon Trail Page 174 https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=jXjsZc1my1o
TAKE NOTES!

40. Overland What did you have written? It was a tough road Dangers:
Expected 5-6 months Heavy snowfall and bitter cold
Walked or road for days
Dangers:
Accidents, diseases, epidemics, wild animals, and attacks from hostile Indians

41. Oregon Trail What did you have written?
Did Lewis and Clark take the easiest journey?
Benjamin Bonneville discovered South Pass
Others brought the trail further westward
Finally Doc Newell and Joe Meek broke through the Blue Mountains

42. The Oregon Trail Ctd.
From Independence, Missouri to Fort Vacouver, Washington and the Willamette River Valley of Oregon
Normally left in late Spring
2,170 mile journey

43. The First Leg – Crossing the Great Plains
What was it like?
Easy Portion
Grasslands of the Great Plains
Fresh water
Friendly Indians
20 miles a day

44. The Second Leg – Crossing the Rockies
What was it like?
Headed towards South Pass
Once through = difficulty
What was at Fort Hall?
The BIG DECISION

45. California Trail Option
What was it like?
Crossed Great American Desert
Hot and dry
Fresh water was hard to come by
Sierra Nevada Mountains

46. Applegate Trail Option
Off California Route
A route to southern Willamette River Valley

47. Third Leg – Whitman’s Mission
What was it like?
Followed Snake River
Crossed Blue Mountains
Once crossed: Revive at Waiilatpu mission
After massacre?
Bypassed and connected
Columbia River

48. Fourth Leg – Fort Vancouver and Salem
What was it like?
Could either follow river by foot or float down
Had to portage the Celilo Falls
Greeted by McLoughlin at the Fort
Advised going south to:
Willamette River Valley

49. Honoring the Pioneers Tough people Reasons for going/success
2,000ish miles of hardship
Reasons for going/success
Economic opportunity
Free land and gold
Achieved greater independence
A new life
Higher socioeconomic status

50. Assignment Read 174 – 182 All of the yellow boxes:
Across the Plains to Washington
The Oregon Trail
The Continental Divide
The Snake River: Across the Plains
Across the Plains

51. Quiz 1.

52. Groups for Oregon Trail Project
Emily and Reese – Group of 30 people
Madison and Chance – Chances twin brother and wife and 1 child each
Destiny and Ross – Just the two of them
Sailor and Seth – Group of 20 people
Lane and Hollie – Lanes twin brother and wife and 2 children each
Alyssa and Jacob – Grandparents and 3 kids
Cobi and Erik – 8 children
Tyler, Cade, and Luke – 3 brothers