1. Chapter 30 THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY
The American Nation
9/14/2018
Chapter 30 THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
Section 2: The Kennedy White House
Section 3: Johnson’s Great Society
CHAPTER 30--THE NEW FRONTIER AND THE GREAT SOCIETY

2. Objectives: Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
How did television coverage influence the presidential election of 1960?
How did President Kennedy plan to stop the spread of communism?
Why did the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba fail?
How did the Cuban missile crisis almost lead to war?

3. Television coverage and the election of 1960
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
Television coverage and the election of 1960
Prior to debates, Nixon led in the polls.
Debates showed Kennedy vibrant and Nixon tired.
Radio listeners thought Nixon had won, but TV viewers thought Kennedy won.
Kennedy won election by narrow margin.

4. The Kennedy-Nixon Debates

5. The Election of 1960

6. Kennedy’s plan to stop communism
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
Kennedy’s plan to stop communism
The strategy was called flexible response.
Military actions included the Bay of Pigs invasion.
Non-military programs included the Peace Corps and economic aid such as Alliance for Progress.

7. The Peace Corps

8. The Berlin Wall (Summer-Fall 1961)
Soviet-Communist action
Wanted to stop the brain drain of eastern Europe
Best and brightest in east Europe would exit communist eastern Europe for better paying jobs in West
Realized that Berlin was a weak point for America
Demanded that the west leave Berlin
Cut off West Berlin from East Berlin with barricades
Barrier made permanent Cement Wall
American-Western Response
Reluctant to risk war in Berlin
Kennedy relieved that Soviets build wall, He would not need to risk war
Kennedy used the wall as a metaphor for the failure of Communism “Icht ein Berliner”
Wall came down 7 November 1989-End of the Cold War- Germany united

9. The Berlin Wall

10. Berlin Wall

11. Failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
Failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion
strong Cuban counterattacks
absence of a popular revolt
lack of air strikes
lack of naval and air support
Significant military debacle (Huge mistake)
Drove Castro closer to the Soviets

12. The Cuban missile crisis
Section 1: Kennedy and the Cold War
The Cuban missile crisis
Soviet Union installed offensive missiles in Cuba.
14 October: Spy plane discovers missile building in Cuba
Soviets Khrushchev: You have missiles in Turkey. We will leave Cuba if you leave Turkey
Missiles in Turkey were obsolete
Kennedy refuses: Russian blackmail
American policy choices:
Bomb the site? No: Cuban Pearl Harbor- Could hasten nuclear war
Quarantine? Cut Cuba off from Soviet ships- Yes.

13. Spy-plane (U2) image of the Soviet Missiles

14. Resolution: Cuban Missile Crisis
22 October: Kennedy announced the quarantine
24 October: Soviet ships turn away from Cuba
Khrushchev sends two notes to Kennedy.
First note offered compromise
Second note sent later that day took a harder line
Kennedy chose to ignore second note
Kennedy secretly offer to remove missiles in Turkey next spring
Crisis defused
Creation of a direct hot line between the Kremlin (seat of Soviet government) and Washington
Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)

15. Tasks 1. Peace Corps 2. The Space Program 3. The Bay of Pigs
The Cuban Missile Crisis