1. The Transcontinental Empire of Chinggis Khan

2. Building the Mongol War Machine
Mounted warriors
Tumens,10,000 troops
Messenger force
Adopted gunpowder, cannons

4. First Assault on the Islamic World: Conquest in China
Kara Khitai defeated
Mongolian
Khwarazm, Muhammad Shah II
defeated
Return to China
Xi-Xia kingdom and Jin Empire (Northern China) destroyed
Harsh, tolerant
Chinggis Khan
Capital at Karakorum
Shamanistic
Tolerated other religions
New administration
Commerce thrives

5. Life Under the Mongol Imperium
Harsh, tolerant
Chinggis Khan
Capital at Karakorum
Shamanistic
Tolerated other religions
New administration
Commerce thrives

6. The Death of Chinggis Khan and the Division of the Empire
1227, division of empire
Three sons, one grandson
-Kubilai
Ogedei, third son
Elected great khan

7. The Mongol Drive to the West
Golden Horde
Khan's tent
Russia in the 1200s
Many kingdoms
Mongols (Tartars) invade

8. The Mongol Drive to the West
Batu, grandson of Chinggis Khan
1236, begins conquest of Russia
1240, Kiev taken and sacked
Novgorod spared

9. The Mongol Empire and the Global Exchange Network

10. Russia in Bondage Russians in vassalage to Golden Horde
Commerce benefits
Moscow thrives
Metropolitan head of Orthodox church
Leads Russian resistance to Mongol
Kulikova, 1380
Golden Horde defeated

11. Mongol Incursions and the Retreat from Europe
Hungary, Death of Ogedei
Batu retreats
Hulegu
Grandson of Chinggis Khan
Ilkhan
West to Mesopotamia, North Africa
1258, Baghdad sacked
1260, stopped by Baibars
Egyptian Mamluks

12. The Mongol Assault on the Islamic Heartlands

13. The Mongol Interlude in Chinese History
Ogedei renews attack on China
Kubilai Khan
Grandson of Chinggis Khan
Attacks Song
1271, transformation to Yuan dynasty
Capital at Tatu (Beijing)

14. Gender Roles and the Convergence of Mongol and Chinese Culture
Mongol women retain liberties
Chabi, wife of Kubilai, influential

15. Mongol Tolerance and Foreign Cultural Influence
Mongol patronage
Attracts scholars, artists
Religious toleration
Buddhists, Nestorians, Latin Christians, Daoists, Muslims
Marco Polo
Visits court

16. Social Policies and Scholar-Gentry Resistance
Ethnic Chinese resist
Especially scholar-gentry
Kubilai
Protects peasant lands
Famine relief
Tax, labor burden lessened

17. The Fall of the House of Yuan
Death of Kubilai
Dynasty already weakened
Song revolt
1274, 1280, Japan attacked
Failure
By 1350s, territory lost
Ju Yanzhang
Founds Ming dynasty

18. Aftershock: The Brief Ride of Timur
Timur-i Lang (Tamerlane)
Turkish
Base at Samarkand
1360s, conquests
Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, Russia
1405, death
Empire dissolves

19. Questions Why did the Mongols rule end? What happened?
In conclusion, what can we say about the Mongols? …or rather what did they say about the Mongols?
Evaluate the Mongols based on what people said about them at the time.