1. Dr. Mrs . Gulve R.M. Dept. Of Microbiology, Mrs. K.S.k. College, Beed
SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY
Dr. Mrs . Gulve R.M.
Dept. Of Microbiology,
Mrs. K.S.k. College, Beed

2. Definition
Microbiology is the branch of science which deals with the study of small organisms which can not be seen as individuals by the unaided human eyes.
Microorganisms are very small, generally less than 1mm in size. For their observation an instrument called microscope is used.
Types of Microorganisms-
The major groups of microorganisms are
I)Bacteria II)Fungi III) Viruses IV)ProtozoaV) Algae.

3. (I) Bacteria
Bacteria are large group of single- celled, prokaryotic microorganisms. The nuclear material is not bounded by nuclear membrain.Their cell wall mostly contain peptidoglycan.
Bacteria are ubiquitoes in nature. They are found in soil, water, food, milk,air and live bodies of plant and animals
Typically a few micrometers in length. Bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods, and spirals

4. Shapes and arrangements of bacteria

5. List of pathogenic bacteria
Leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Gonorrhea
Neiseria gonorrhoeae
Meningitis
Neiseria meningitidis
Plague (older name)
Pasteurella pestis
Wound infection
Proteus vulgaris
Opportunist (e.g., burns)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rickettsia rickettsii
Typhoid fever
Salmonella typhi
Nosocomial infections
Serratia marcescens
Traveler’s diarrhea
Shigella dysenteriae
TSS, food poisoning, etc.
Staphylococcus aureus
Most-common pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Syphilis
Treponema pallidum
Cholera
Vibrio cholerae
Plague (newer name)
Yersinia pestis

6. List of pathogenic bacteria
Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax
Borrelia burgdorferi
Whooping cough (pertusis)
Brodetella pertusis
Lyme disease
Chlamydia trachomatis
Trachomas (blindness), etc.
Clostridium botulinum
Botulism
Clostridium perfringens
Gas gangrene & food poisoning
Clostridium tetani
Tetanus
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Diphtheria
Escherichia coli
Typhoid fever
Gardinerella vaginalis
Vaginitis
Helicobacter pylori
Stomach ulcer
Haemophilus influenzae
Lung, ear infection, meningitis
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Atypical pneumoniae (common)
Lactococcus lactis
Yogurt
Legionella spp.
Legionnaire’s disease
Listeria monocytogenes
Damage to fetus

7. (II) Fungi
These are eucaryotic,non-photosynthetic chemoorganotropic microorganisms, the cell wall contains chitin, cellulose or both they are divided in to two types1) Yeast 2) Molds .
1)yeast-These predominantly occur single may form psedomycelium. They reproduce by binary fission, budding or sexual reproduction. They may be spherical,ovoid or rod shaped.
2)Molds-They are filamentous fungi forming true mycelium. They reproduce by sexual or asexual reproduction.
Hyphae may be septated or nonseptated.
They may form various types of spores like conidia, basidiospores,zoospores,apanospores and chlamydospores.

8. Fungal Diseases:
Mycoses: Candida, Ringworm, Athlete's foot, Jock itch, etc.
Aspergillus Yeast

9. (III) Viruses
Viruses are non prokaryotic non eukaryotic structures. They possess sub –cellular organization. They are ultramicroscopic, obligate intercellular parasite.
The simplest viruses are nucleoprotein particles. The nucleocapsid composed of nucleic acid either DNA or RNA Viruses classified
1)DNA Virus and RNA Virus.
2)On basis of shapes1)Icosahedrical2)Helical3)Complex.
3)Depending on the host -1)Bacterial viruses2) Animal viruses3) Plant viruses

10. Shapes of viruses

11. DNA Viruses

12. List of viral diseases Diseases Diseases Aids Poliomyelitis Hepatitis
Influenza
Common cold
Swine flue
Bird flue
Rabies
Measles
Mumps
Chickenpox
Smallpox
Encephalitis
Yellow fever

13. Some protozoa are pathogenic causing amoebic dysentery, malaria etc.
(IV) Protozoa
These are eucaryotic organisms that occur as single cell or in colonies.
Locomotation is achieved by pseudopodia, fllagella,cilia.They reproduce by binary fission, multiple fission,budding or sexual reproduction.
Some protozoa are pathogenic causing amoebic dysentery, malaria etc.
Diseases: Malaria, Giardiasis, Amoebic dysentery, etc. (shown are harmless--to us--protist components of pond water: Amoeba, Blepharisma, Paramecium, Peranema, & Stentor)

14. Types of Protozoa

15. (V) Algae
These are photosynthetic micoorganisms containing plant chorophyll.They ,except blue green algae, are eucaryotic in nature. only blue green algae termed as cynobacteria is procaryotic in nature.
Their size varies from microscopic single cell to large multicellular. They reproduce sexually or asexually.
Algae have wide range of shapes to rods, clubs, spirals and irregular forms. They are principally aquatic. Some algae are used as biofertilizes.

17. Types of Algae:
Brown algae, Red algae, Green algae, Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids
Diseases: Some poisonings associated with unicellular types: Alexandrium causes Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP), Dinophysis causes Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries causes Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) [some would describe some as protists]