1. CRIMINOLOGY
The academic discipline of criminology uses scientific methods to study the nature, extent and causes
of criminal behavior.

2. INTERDISCIPLINARY
Because criminologists are influenced by many disciplines the field of criminology is
Interdisciplinary

3. The History of Criminology
The middle ages ( )
Criminals were viewed as witches or Demons

4. The History of Criminology
Punishment was: Harsh People were maimed, tortured, whipped, and executed.

5. Cesare Beccaria
– Italy Utilitarianism (Later became known as Classical Criminology) Basic concept We want pleasure NOT pain.

6. Cesare Beccaria
Punishment should fit the crime and should be: Public Swift Proportionate Dictated by Law

7. August Comte
1800’s - France Founded Sociology Developed the term POSITIVISM: The Scientific Method should be applied to human behavior.

8. Cesare Lombroso
– Italy The Father of Criminology Developed BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM: People are born criminals

9. L.A.J. Quetelet
– France Began to use statistics to study crime. Examined crime in relationship to factors such as: Season Climate Age Gender Poverty Alcohol

10. Emile Durkheim
1858 – 1917 – France Anomie – Norm and Role confusion created chaos and increased crime. Society went from small rural towns to urban cities.

11. The “Chicago School”
Early 1900’s – United States Robert Ezra Park Ernest Burgess Louis Wirth

12. The “Chicago School”
Researchers in Chicago examined: Urban Studies Poverty Poor Schools Failure of Socialization Viewed crime as being caused by the environment NOT biology

13. Karl Marx
Germany Critical Criminology / Conflict Theory (Late 1800’s through 1960’s.) Broke with both environmental and socialization views on crime. Gained popularity in the 1960’s.

14. Critical Criminology
Economics affect crime. The rich control the poor. Whole groups of people are oppressed. Woman, minorities, etc.

15. Developmental Criminology
Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck (Harvard) 1930’s Early onset of delinquency = criminal career The deeper the roots of childhood maladjustment = A smaller chance of adjustment.

16. Developmental Criminology
Poor Family = Delinquency Low IQ = Delinquency Mesomorph physique common * Combined biological, social and psychological factors

17. What do criminologists do?
Criminal Statistics: Gather crime data. Measure crime patterns. Look for crime trends.

18. What do criminologists do?
Sociology of Law
1. Study how laws develop.
2. Examine history of legal thought regarding murder, rape, theft, etc.
3. Help lawmakers respond to change. For example: Scams, computer fraud, online predators.

19. What do criminologists do?
Theory Construction
1. Predict individual behavior.
2. Examine crime causation
3. Conduct biological and environmental studies

20. What do criminologists do?
Conduct Crime Specific research and look for patterns and trends in:
Rape
Murder
Robbery
Gangs
Drugs
Prostitution
Etc.

21. What do criminologists do?
Penology involves:
Correction and control.
Rehabilitation
Prisons and jails
Mandatory sentences
Death penalty

22. What do criminologists do?
Victimology:
1. Helping crime victims.
2. Victim Service Programs.
3. Teaching victim empathy.
4. Witness protection.

23. Social Deviance VS Crime
All crimes are deviant.
Not all deviance is criminal.
Values
Norms: Mores and Folkways