1. Reduced socially cued smoking in bars following workplace smoking bans in New Zealand
Andrew Waa Quigley and Watts, Wellington, New Zealand
Richard Edwards University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand

2. Overview of Smokefree Environments Amendment Act (2003)
Smokefree Environment Amendment Act (2003):
Banned smoking in all enclosed workplaces
Included hospitality venues (e.g. pubs, nightclubs, cafes)
Potential impacts of smoking bans in hospitality venues:
Reduced SHS exposure for health of workers (improved health)
Reduced SHS exposure for patrons (improved health)
Reductions in smoking behaviour in hospitality venues

3. Potential reductions in smoking behaviour result of:
Fewer cues to smoke among existing smokers
Fewer relapse prompts among quitters
Reduced progression through stages of uptake
Socially cued smoking:
Trotter, Wakefield and Borland (2002)
McCrae and Waa (2003)
Trotter, Wakefield and Borland, 2002
Most smokers report smoking more in non-regulated environments
¼ say would quit if smoking banned
quitters more likely to be socially cued smokers
socially cued smokers more likely to be younger
MacRae and Waa, 2003
Similar findings to Trotter, et al
similar proportions of Maori and non-Maori socially cued smokers

4. Study purposes Impacts of smoking bans in hospitality venues on:
Patronage
Socially cued smoking
Focus on bars and pubs
Key definitions:
Regular smoker: smokes at least monthly
Patronage: Attends hospitality venue at least monthly
Socially cued smoker: Reports “smokes more than normal in a hospitality venue”

5. Method CATI Survey Conducted 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
2 samples (general and Maori over-sample)
Regular smokers selected
Weighted by age, gender and ethnicity (2001 Census)
Questions:
Patronage in hospitality venues
Reported smoking behaviour (None, less than normal, about the same, more than normal)
Demographics (gender, ethnicity)

6. Regular smoker patronage in bars and pubs
Smokers significantly more likely to patronise bars and pubs than non-smokers
No significant change across time for the respective groups

7. Smoking behaviour when at bars and pubs: All participants
Marked change occurs post legislation
Behaviour extremely skewed towards “more than normal” pre-legislation, post more evenly disrtributed
2003, 2004 smoking “more than normal” significantly higher than other groups
2006 no group significant different than any other
Decreases in “More than normal” matched by significant increases across the “less than normal” and “none” groups.

8. Socially cued smoking in bars and pubs 2003 - 2006: All participants, males and females
Significant decrease for “all” participants (70% - 30%)
Significant decrease for males and females post legislation
Males already on decrease in 2004
Decreases maintained

9. Socially cued smoking in bars and pubs 2003 - 2006: All participants, Maori and non-Maori
Significant decreases for all groups post legislation
Decreases maintained 2005 – 2006

10. Conclusions No changes in patronage
Supported by econometric data – minimal economic impact on hospitality sector
Marked decreases in socially cued smoking among:
All
Males
Females
Maori
Non-Maori
Similar results for nightclubs, restaurants and cafes
Supports predictions of previous findings
Comprehensive workplace smoking bans impact on SHS exposure and smoking behaviour
In the longer term likely reduced smoking prevalence:
Reduced uptake
Improved quitting

11. Acknowledgements Richard Edwards: Co-researcher
Kamalesh Venugopal: Statistician
Health Sponsorship Council: Funder/Sponsor
Ministry of Health: Funder
Reference for full SFE Evaluation report: Edwards R, Bullen C, O’Dea D, Glover M, Laugesen M, Thomson G, Waa A, Wilson N, Woodward A.After the Smoke has Cleared: Evaluation of the Impact of a New Smokefree Law. New Zealand Ministry of Health, Wellington: December 2006.
Available through:
Tobacco Control journal summary paper in press

12. Patronage at bars and clubs

13. Socially cued smoking in bars: males and females
Socially cued smoking in bars: non-Maori and Maori