1. Jared Falls-Bahram Emami
Lead-Acid Battery
Jared Falls-Bahram Emami

2. Lead-Acid Battery
Lead
Oxide

3. Discharging electrons release from the negative electrode
pass through the load
reaction with positive electrode start
electrolyte deposit sulfate ions onto both of electrodes
Lead sulfate which is an electrical insulation cover the electrodes

4. Charging voltage of the battery increases resistance decreases
supplied current dictates reverse reaction
lead sulfate removes from electrodes/return to the electrolyte

5. Shallow Lead-Acid Battery
Thin electrode
Very low resistance
High power density
completely discharge lead sulfate fills the space
does not allow the current flow

6. Deep Discharge Battery
Thicker Electrodes
Distance between electrodes
Debris area

7. more inactive material
Power Vs Energy
Thicker electrodes
more active material
higher resistance
Thinner electrodes
more inactive material
lower resistance

8. Construction and Components
Main Components:
Cover
Insulation
Plates
One negative, one positive
Electrolyte
Allows for ion transfer between electrodes
Separators
Separates two electrodes

9. Construction and Components

10. Construction and Components
Top Cover:
made of wood, hard-rubber, ceramics, molded plastic
Top cover has 3 holes
One at each end for the posts, one in the middle for the vent plug
Middle hole involves flow of electrolyte
Bottom Floor:
4 ribs on the bottom floor
2 for the positive plate, 2 for the negative plate
“Prism” serves as a support for plates
Protects against short circuits

11. Manufacturing Processes
Plante Plates
Two sheets of lead immersed in H2SO4
Electrolysis produces H and O
Faure Plates
Active material mechanically applied to plates
“Red Lead” (Pb3O4 ) hardens on plate, sulfuric acid is applied, forming H and O

12. Manufacturing Processes
Plante Plate
Faure Plate

13. SWOT Analysis

14. Conclusions Lead-acid batteries are cheap and simple to manufacture
Commonly used in PV systems
Main chemical reaction involves Pb and H2SO4
Reliable/durable and used in many different industries
Limit to number of full discharge cycles for lead-acid batteries

15. References
acid-battery
batteries-3229db78a14.html
manager/UserFiles/report_batteries_solar_photovoltaic_applications.pdf
AA51CCA461EA4?doi= &rep=rep1&type=pdf
Lecture: Lead-acid batteries How batteries work Conduction mechanisms Development of voltage at plates Charging, discharging, and state of charge Key equations and models.
Eight-Amazing-Engineering-Stories-Using-the-Elements-to-Create- Extraordinary-Technologies[EBFII].
science/papers/batteries/ch3.pdf