1. New England Colonists vs. Native Americans
AP US History
New England Colonists vs. Native Americans

2. New England Tribes

3. Colonial NE v. Native Americans
1620 – Arrival in Plymouth
Disease and Conflict -3
Rearranging of Tribal Alliances
War
English v. Natives – Pequot War (1637) -2
Natives v. Natives – Beaver Wars (mid 1600s) -2
Conclusion
King Philip’s War ( ) -4

4. Practice Writing TEA (Topic/Evidence/Analysis)
What was the cause of King Philip’s War? (use 2 pieces of evidence, at minimum one document)

5. William Bradford: Comments on how disease impacted the Natives (1633)
“About a thousand of them had enclosed themselves in a fort. 3 or 4 Dutch men went up in the beginning of winter to live with them, to get their trade, and prevent them for bringing it to the English…But their enterprise failed, for it pleased God to visit these Indians with a great sickness, and such a mortality that of a above 900 and a half of them died, and many of them did rot above ground for want of burial, and the Dutch men almost starved before they could get away because of the ice and snow.

6. William Bradford: Comments on how disease impacted the Natives (1633)
“This spring, also those Indians that lived about their trading house there fell sick of the small pox and died most miserably; for a sorer disease cannot befall them; they fear it more then the plague; they fall into lamentable condition, as they lie on their hard mats, the pox breaking and mattering, and running one into another, their skin cleaving (by reason thereof) to the mats they lie on; when they turn them, a whole side will flee at once, (as it were) and they will be all of a gore blood, most fearful to behold; and then being very sore, what with cold and other distempers, they die like rotten sheep. The chief Sachem himself now died, and almost all his friends and kindred. But by the marvelous goodness and providence of God not one of the English was so much as sick.”

7. Impact of Disease
Between , estimates believe the New England Native American population decreased from roughly 140,000 to 10,000. The English population by 1675 is estimated between 55,000 and 120,000.

8. Tribal Alliances
Various tribes aligned with various colonies. Fighting continued between tribes now supplied with guns by their European Allies:
Wampanoags with Plymouth
Mohegans with Massachusetts/Connecticut
Pequots with New Netherland
Narrangasetts with Rhode Island

9. Pequot War ( )
The Pequots were aligned with the Dutch who were rivals of the New England colonies. After the Pequots killed an Englishmen, violence ensued when Massachusetts and Connecticut (with their Indian allies) killed hundreds of Pequot men, women, and children. The Pequot tribe was essentially destroyed and the survivors were sold into slavery.

10. Pequot War ( )
John Mason who led the infamous massacre at Mystic River repeatedly referred to the influence of God in aiding the English victory. John Winthrop stated “If God were not pleased with our inheriting these parts why doth he sill make room for us by diminishing them as we increase?”

11. Beaver Wars (1600s)
After the Iroquois suffered heavy losses from disease and the beaver population in the Hudson Valley declined, the Iroquois started the Beaver Wars to:
Conquer tribes to get new warriors for battle
Have access to beaver furs to trade for valuable materials (guns) from the Europeans.
Beaver Wars:
A long running war from 1630s to about 1700 between the Iroquois (supported by Dutch and English weapons at most points), several different Indian tribes from southern Canada to the Mississippi River to the Carolinas, and France (joined in the 1660s).
Iroquois do well at first, but are ultimately defeated by the French and their allied tribes. Iroquois are not destroyed and remain a powerful buffer/trade partner between English and French settlements.

12. King Philips War
“I am determined not to live until I have no country”. -Metacom (King Philip) to Roger Williams. What does he mean?

13. King Philips War What was the true cause of King Philip’s War? Proof?
Document A
1 – Source: - Who? When? Background?
2 – Why are they meeting?
3 – What were the complaints of the Native Americans?
Document B
2 – Why do the colonists think the Native Americans have attacked them?
3 – How would you characterize the attitude of the author?
What was the true cause of King Philip’s War? Proof?

14. King Philips War

15. King Philips War
In 1675, the chief of the Wampanoags, Metacom (whom the English called King Philip), forged a military alliance including about two-thirds of the region's Indians. In 1675, he led an attack on Swansea, Massachusetts. Over the next year, both sides raided villages and killed hundreds of victims. Twelve out of ninety New England towns were destroyed. This war was called King Philip’s War. Relative to the size of the population, King Philip's War was the most destructive conflict in American history. Five percent of New England's population was killed, a higher proportion than Germany, Britain, or the United States lost during World War II. Indian casualties were far higher; perhaps 40 percent of New England's Indian population was killed or fled the region. When the war was over, the power of New England's Indians was broken. The region's remaining Indians would live in small, scattered communities, serving as the colonists' servants, slaves, and tenants.