Cell Structure and Function

Cell Structure and Function
Lesson 3 pgs Cell Structure and Function

-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations when appropriate Example of indent Skip a line between topics Don’t skip pages Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label. Nucleus DNA / Nucleoid Prokaryotic Pili Eukaryotic Flagella

RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded or highlighted in your science book. You will see an image of a page in your book when it is necessary to highlight! BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him.
He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? (pg. 26)
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus A cell’s STRUCTURE is the arrangement of its parts A cell’s FUNCTION is the activity the parts carry out

The following organelles are found in both plant AND animal cells!
We are now going to go from the middle of the cell to the cell membrane. The following organelles are found in both plant AND animal cells! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Largest organelle in the cell (dark spot)
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nucleus

The BRAIN of a CELL! Directs all cellular activities

Contains genetic information (DNA)

Mitochondria (pg. 28) Organisms need energy
Cells get energy by breaking down food using a process called cellular respiration Cellular respiration occurs in the Mitochondria! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Have two membranes. (pg. 28)

F orm F ollows F Have two membranes. (pg. 28)

F orm F ollows F unction Have two membranes. (pg. 28)

The inner membrane has folds which increase surface area where cellular respiration occurs. (pg. 28)

Ribosomes (pg. 28) Organelle that makes proteins using instructions encoded in the cell’s DNA Proteins control most chemical reactions and provide structural support for cells and tissues Almost all cells have ribosomes, which are the smallest organelles Do not have a membrane Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Each cell contains thousands.

Each cell contains thousands.
F F F Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

F orm F F Each cell contains thousands.

F orm F ollows F Each cell contains thousands.

F orm F ollows F unction Each cell contains thousands.

Composes 25% of cell's mass.

Most are embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum
Most are embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum. Some free in cytoplasm. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Miniature protein factories (Protein synthesis).

Miniature protein factories (Protein synthesis).
Proteins are very important to our cells and body. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Pg. 29 A system of membranes near the nucleus Assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins ER is either smooth or rough Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its membrane, while the smooth ER does not Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Start Student to use a laser pointer to complete the maze without stopping (Must be moving forward) / making a mistake / having to back track. You will be given ten seconds to study the maze. Finish

Start Finish

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (R.E.R. for short)
- Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

F F F Maze-like network fused to nuclear membrane.

F orm F F Maze-like network fused to nuclear membrane.

F orm F ollows F Maze-like network fused to nuclear membrane.

F orm F ollows F unction Maze-like network fused to nuclear membrane.

Goes from nucleus to cell membrane.

Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system.

Ribosomes attach to and make proteins.

Which color represents the Smooth E.R.?

Makes lipids (fats)

Makes lipids (fats) and steriods.

Regulates calcium production.

Synthesizes carbohydrates.

Stores important enzymes

Nucleus

Nucleolus Nucleus

Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane

Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores

Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores Protein Synthesis Ribosomes Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi Complex (pg. 29) Membrane-bound organelle that packages and distributes materials Material gets enclosed in a piece of the membrane that pinches off to form a bubble, or vesicle Vesicle transports its contents to other parts of the cell or out of the cell Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Protein packaging plant

Sends vesicles of molecules to destination in cell.

Composed of numerous layers

Composed of numerous layers
Incoming Vesicle Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Outgoing Vesicles Composed of numerous layers Incoming Vesicle

Enzymes and contents of lysosomes are made here.

Which letter is the Golgi Complex?
A B C E D

Which letter is the Golgi Complex?
A B C E D answer is…

The following structures are ONLY FOUND IN PLANT CELLS!!

Chloroplast (pg. 31) Plants make their own food using photosynthesis
Chloroplasts are organelles where photosynthesis occurs Chloroplasts are green because they contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs energy in sunlight Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Organelle in plants not animals.

Contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Has stacks called Thylakoids.

F orm F F

F orm F ollows F

F orm F ollows F unction

Activity! Playing in the giant Chloroplast Bouncy House to learn about photosynthesis.

Does anyone have a bouncy house?
Activity! Playing in the giant Chloroplast Bouncy House to learn about photosynthesis. Does anyone have a bouncy house?

“Oh well” Guess we will just take more notes.
Activity! Playing in the giant Chloroplast Bouncy House to learn about photosynthesis. Does anyone have a bouncy house? “Oh well” Guess we will just take more notes.

Cell Wall (pg. 30) Rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane
Provides support and protection to the cell Because plants don’t have a skeleton like animals, they get their shape from the cell wall Cells of fungi, bacteria, and some protists also have cell walls Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Cell Wall

Bacteria, Fungi, and Plants have cell walls

Made of cellulose (permeable)

F orm F ollows F unction Supports plant

Celery Question! Describe eating celery.

The plants would be defenseless.

“Feeding is so easy without cell walls.”

Difficult to chew and digest (protection).

Large Central Vacuole (pg. 30)
Most plants, animals, and fungi have a fluid-filled vesicle called a vacuole Vacuoles contain enzymes, nutrients, water, or wastes Plant cells have a LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLE full of water! It helps support the cell

Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal.

When it rains, collect as much water as possible

When it rains, collect as much water as possible Because…

When it rains, collect as much water as possible Because… Plants can’t run

Very large in plant cell.

F F F

F orm F F

F orm F ollows F

F orm F ollows F unction

Which picture is an animal cell, and which is a plant cell based on the size of the vacuole?

Answer! The vacuole is much larger in the plant cell than the animal cell.

Creates turgid pressure in plants.

Creates turgid pressure in plants.
Drought Drought

Contains food and water solution.

Only found in Animal Cells!
Lysosomes (pg. 32) Break down worn-out or damaged organelles, waste material, and foreign invaders Some of this material is recycled and reused in the cell

Digestive acids / enzymes in a sac

Digestive organelle, recycles old cell parts.

Breaks down proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.

Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal.

Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

Can you name all of the organelles?

Plant cell or animal cell?

Plant cell

Plant cell Ribosome

Cell Structure and Function

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