1. The first two presidencies…and the 2 party system

2. Election of Washington…
No rules on who could be electoral voter, different in each state
No rules on how a person came to be an electoral voter, except women and slaves were “naturally” excluded
-some women did vote in the elections that chose electoral voters (NJ) and any taxpayer (PA)
Quorum convened on April 6, 1789 in NY, Senate counted electoral votes…who won? 
Federal Hall in NY was seat of government until Washington took oath on April 30, 1789; Adams was VP
What to do? What to do?

3. Formation of 2 party system
Congress creates War, Treasury, State and Justice Departments
-War=Henry Knox
-Treasury=Alexander Hamilton
-State=”acting” was John Jay, officially, Jefferson, 1790
-Justice=Edmond Randolph
Judicial Act 1789: 6 justices, Supreme Court (original jurisdiction defined), established judicial districts with circuit and district courts within, created Attorney General
-1st Chief Justice=John Jay

4. Formation of 2 party system…Report on Public Credit, 1790
Jefferson/Madison-his job?
Hamilton-his “job”?
Disagreed, hurt Rev. war vets and small farmers
Disagreed, too much power to fed. gov’t and unfair to responsible states “assumption”
Further South, along Potomac River
The Dinner held by TJ…
Gov’t securities should be reimbursed at par “redemption”
2. Fed. Gov’t would assume all debts of states
-gov’t “shut down” in 1790
3. Location of Capital-NY
4. Where to store the $??

5. Formation of 2 party system… Creation of National Bank
Hamilton
Jefferson/Madison
1. partly owned by gov’t, 80% owned by private investors 2. “Loose”/”broad” constructionism-”necessary and proper clause” 3. Tariffs? High 4. Excise tax on Whiskey
1. NO! unconstitutional 2. “Tight”/”strict” constructionism 3. Tariffs-Low 4. No tax on whiskey

6. Formation of 2 Party System…Foreign Affairs-War in France, 1793
Hamilton…his “job”?
Jefferson/Madison…his “job”?
1. Claim neutrality before France asks us! 2. Britain is key! 3. April 22, 1793 Proclamation of Neutrality Jay’s Treaty with GB…10 yrs of peace and trade Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain…borders, trade rights on Mississip!
1. Wait…and respect our 1778 treaty with France 2. Independence from GB is key! 3. Jefferson resigns 4. TJ angry, France angry 5. TJ focused on his own presidential campaign, warns Wash. of divisive party politics

7. 1796 Washington’s Farewell Address:
Advice:
-Don’t get involved in European affairs
-Don’t make permanent alliances
-Don’t form political parties, compromise, work together
-Avoid Northern and Southern sectional differences

8. 1796 Election: Adam’s Federalists vs
1796 Election: Adam’s Federalists vs. Jefferson’s Democratic Republicans
Adams…
Federalists
Adams/Pinckney
continue Hamilton’s ideas of a commercial nation
Campaigning beneath politicians!
Jefferson…
Democratic-Republicans aka Jeffersonian Republicans
Jefferson/Burr
Focus on agrarian society
Campaigning beneath politicians!

9. Results? Adams pres, TJ VP

10. Adams’ Presidency:
Adams won by 3 electoral votes, so Jefferson became VP
American delegates sent to France, French delegates, “XYZ” wanted $ to talk. XYZ Affair
-And the Press…
Alien and Sedition Acts: public anger against France strengthened Federalist Party
-Naturalization Act-increased from 5 to 14 # of years for immigrants to be citizens
-Alien Acts-president deport any citizen considered alien/dangerous
-Sedition Act-illegal for the press to criticize president or Congress with fines
Results?

11. VA and KY Resolutions
D-R challenged constitutionality of acts, but Supreme Court hadn’t established judicial review yet
VA Resolution written by Madison, KY written by TJ
States had entered compact with federal gov’t, if federal law violated state law, states could nullify law…foresee any problems/uses of this?
Federalists politically harmed and became minority group in 1800 election
Supreme Court eventually establishes judicial review and Supreme Court decided whether law is constitutional, not States Marbury v Madison