1. Quiet and Seated Read LOs Phones in the pouches
Reading over your notes
Fill in the margins with key terms & a question that can be answered from the section of notes
We’ll finish up those notes today
Read LOs
911

2. Student Current Event

3. CNN

4. A New Industrial Age

5. Causes Wealth of natural resources Government support of businesses
Growing urban populations
Cheap labor
Markets for new products

6. Edwin L. Drake
Used steam engine to remove oil from beneath earth’s surface
Started oil boom
Gas was only a waste by-product of the process at first

7. Henry Bessemer
Bessemer process cleaned impurities from iron to create steel (iron ore & carbon)
Steel used for things like railroads, skyscrapers and bridges …

8. The Brooklyn Bridge Completed in 1883, it spanned 1595 feet
Called a Wonder of the World because of its height and weight bearing structure

9. Skyscrapers
Buildings were no longer limited to height due to the strength of steel supporting the structures

10. Inventors Change the Landscape

11. Thomas Edison Patented the light bulb in 1876
Invented a system for producing and distributing electric power, which led to…

12. Electric streetcars led to the spreading out of cities
The invention of time saving appliances because energy was so cheap and efficient
Electric streetcars led to the spreading out of cities
Plants and factories not limited to areas near water any longer
Frank Osgood tests Seattle's first electric streetcars on March 30, 1889.

13. Inventors Change Lifestyles

14. Christopher Sholes
1867 invented the typewriter, which changed the way people worked

15. Alexander Graham Bell
The invention of the telephone in 1876 opened up a worldwide communication network

16. Women became 40% of the clerical work force
Industrialization made workers jobs less back-breaking, which improved the quality of their lives
Mechanization eventually reduced the work day to about 10 hours

17. Expansion of Industry Results in Growth of Big Business

18. Andrew Carnegie
One of the 1st industrial moguls to make his own fortune
Instituted new management practices which revolutionized industry and promoted big businesses
Carnegie Steel Company – later became US Steel

19. Vertical Integration
Bought out suppliers
Gained control of raw materials and transportation

20. Horizontal Integration
Bought out companies which produced similar products
Gained control of the whole industry

21. Social Darwinism
Success and failure in business governed by natural law
Justifies “laissez-faire,” or “allow to do.” Keeps government out of marketplace

22. Between the end of the Civil War and the turn of the century, Big business created more than 4000 millionaires
Appealed to Protestant work ethic
Riches = God’s favor
Poor = lazy and inferior

23. Mergers Industrialists pursued buying out competitors Monopolies
When industries buy out all competitors and completely control industry
Allows them to set wages, prices, and production

24. Holding Companies Set up specifically to buy out stocks of competitors
John D Rockefeller
Owned Standard Oil Co.
Joined companies in trust agreements
Stocks in companies held by trustees and ran as one business
Not legal
Over a forty-year period, Rockefeller built Standard Oil into the largest and most profitable company in the world, and was for a time the richest man in the world.

26. Called “Robber Barons” for such tactics Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890
Trusts - Joined companies in trust agreements to gain control of the industry
Drove companies out of business by selling below production cost, then jacking up prices
Called “Robber Barons” for such tactics
Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890
Made it illegal to form trusts that interfered with trade
Hard to uphold because it didn’t define what a “trust” was

28. Exploitation and Unsafe Working Conditions Draw People Together in Labor Movement
Statistics-
By 1882, and average 675 people killed in work-related accidents per week
Wages so low, most families had to send everyone out to get jobs
20% of boys and 10% of girls under age 15 held jobs
By 1899 women averaged $269 per year, men $498, and Carnegie $23 million not taxed

29. Sweatshops were unregulated
Women, children & new immigrants were exploited
Paid as little as $.27 for a child’s 14 hour day

30. Early Labor Organizations
National Labor Union—first large-scale national organization
1868, NLU gets Congress to give 8-hour day to civil servants
Local chapters reject blacks; Colored National Labor Union forms
NLU focus on linking existing local unions
Noble Order of the Knights of Labor open to women, blacks, unskilled
Knights support 8-hour day, equal pay, arbitration

31. Union Movements Diverge
Craft Unionism
Craft unions include skilled workers from one or more trades
Samuel Gompers helps found American Federation of Labor (AFL)
AFL uses collective bargaining for better wages, hours, conditions
AFL strikes successfully, wins higher pay, shorter workweek
Industrial Unionism
Industrial unions include skilled, unskilled workers in an industry
Eugene V. Debs forms American Railway Union; uses strikes

32. Union Movements Diverge
Socialism and the IWW
Some labor activists turn to socialism:
— government control of business & property
— equal distribution of wealth
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), or Wobblies, forms 1905
Organized by radical unionists, socialists; included African Americans
Industrial unions gave unskilled workers dignity, solidarity
Other Labor Activism in the West
Japanese, Mexicans form Sugar Beet and Farm Laborers’ Union in CA
Wyoming Federation of Labor supports Chinese, Japanese miners

33. Strikes Turn Violent
The Great Strike of 1877
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad strike spreads to other lines
Governors say impeding interstate commerce; federal troops intervene
The Haymarket Affair
3,000 gather at Chicago’s Haymarket Square, protest police brutality
Violence ensues; 8 charged with inciting riot, convicted
Public opinion turns against labor movement

34. Strikes Turn Violent The Homestead Strike
1892, Carnegie Steel workers strike over pay cuts
Win battle against Pinkertons; National Guard reopens plant
Steelworkers do not remobilize for 45 years
The Pullman Company Strike
Pullman lays off 3,000, cuts wages but not rents; workers strike
Pullman refuses arbitration; violence ensues; federal troops sent in by President Cleveland
Debs jailed, most workers fired, many blacklisted

35. Women barred from many unions; unite behind powerful leaders
Women Organize
Women barred from many unions; unite behind powerful leaders
Mary Harris Jones— most prominent organizer in women’s labor
— works for United Mine Workers
— leads children’s march
Pauline Newman—organizer for International Ladies’ Garment Workers
1911 Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire results in public outrage

36. 500 workers trapped inside
145 died

37. Management and the Government Pressured Unions
Employers forbid unions; turn Sherman Antitrust Act against labor
Legal limitations cripple unions, but membership rises
Strikes led to shortages which led to public anger toward unions
Many feared disorder, chaos and even socialist revolution

38. Reflecting on 9/11
Please clear your desks

39. Remembering 9/11

41. Terrorism defined: Terrorism in the Modern Era
the planned use of violence to strike fear in people or governments in order to obtain political goals

42. Osama bin Laden Born in Saudi Arabia Wealthy Muslim Brotherhood
Resents U.S. troops in Saudi
Hates our support of Israel
A founder of al Qaeda
Masterminded the 9/11 attacks on U.S.
USS Cole - Oct. 2000
WTC 1993
According to the transcript of his trial, Yousef hoped that his explosion would topple Tower 1 which would fall into Tower 2, killing the occupants of both buildings, which he estimated to be about 250,000 people in vengeance for America's support for Israel against Palestine.

44. Take out a sheet of paper Title it Remembering 9/11 Part1
In your own words describe what happened on September 11, 2001
How has the world changed as a resolute 9/11/01
Part2
Ask your parents/grandparents what they remember about that day.
Look for specific details that they remember
Length requirements: Two Paragraphs – Hand written (legibly)