1. London
the
Metropolis

2. Industrialization and the rise of the modern city in England
In 1750s , one our of every nine people lived in London. It was a colossal city with a population of 675,000. Over the nineteenth century, London continued to expand. It's population multiplied fourfold in 70 years Between 1810 and It was a fast growing city of England.

3. Development in London
Industries developed at their full pace and making more and more job opportunities in London. It began manufacturing motor cars and electrical goods, and the number of large factories increased until they accounted for nearly 1/3 of all jobs in the city.

4. Migration
During the Industrial Revolution the development of London was at it's pace and became a fast growing city with both social and economic development which lead to migration of people from different areas of England to London. It became a place where people migrated hoping of better lifestyle and better job opportunities.

5. Marginal Groups
As London grew crime flourished. approximately 20,000 criminals were living in London in the There were many people who were worried about this, the police was worried about law and order, Philanthropist were worried about public morality etc.

6. Poverty in London
Due to the rapid increase in the population the job opportunities were getting over and the new migrants were not able to find out any job in the city and was not able to earn anything this thing led to poverty amongst migrants

8. Child Labour
Child labour was also practiced in the city. Small children were given jobs as they could be underpaid easily and they do not complain and were easy to handle. These children worked in industries in very hazardous condition. Govt. took many steps to overcome these Problems

10. Steps taken by Govt. Steps taken to overcome this problem were:-
Act of of Compulsory Elementary Education to all children.
Factory Act beginning from 1902, that children were kept out of industrial work.
Children could only work in restaurants or any other safe workplace.

11. Crime in London
There were many people who indulged in criminal activities . These were the poor who run their livelihood through stealing lead from roofs, food from shops, lumps of coal, and clothes drying on hedges.

12. Employment
Factories employed a large number of women in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century. But due to technology advancement they lost their jobs but regained the at war time due to high demand of labour to fulfill war requirements.

13. Housing
Older cities like London changed dramatically when people began pouring in after the Industrial Revolution. Factory owners do not house the migrant workers. Instead individual land owners put up cheap and usually unsafe tenements for the new arrivals

14. Better Housing Facility
Cleaning London
&
Better Housing Facility
A Variety of steps were taken to clean up London. Attempts were made to decongest localities, green the open spaces, reduce pollution and landscape the city.

15. Transport in the City
London underground railway was introduced in year this transportation solved the problem of transporting of goods and the means to go to workplace from far off places. It also helped in transportation of raw materials.

16. Negative and Positive aspects Of Underground Railways
New source of pollution
Asphyxiation during travel
Large amount of destruction for it’s construction
Little bit Hazardous for health
Easy transportation of goods
Easy transportation of raw material
Means of transport for people
Good source of revenue for government for betterment of the city