1. Unit – III Wireless PAN’s
(IEEE x)

6. Introduction to IEEE 802.15x Technologies
Wireless PAN Applications & Architecture
Bluetooth Link Controller Basics
Evolution of standards

7. Introduction to IEEE 802.15x Technologies
April 2002  IEEE (PHY & MAC specifications)
for WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network)
WPAN – transfer data over short distance(10 m) between devices
Goals – wireless connectivity for fixed, mobile, portable devices
in POS
POS (Personal Operating Space)
- space around individual (10 m in all directions)
- bubble around the user
WPAN v/s WLAN

8. WLAN is to extend the reach of a wired LAN
WPAN connection between that involves little or no physical infrasturucture or direct connectivity to the world outside of the link
WPAN can achieved thr small ,extremely power efficient ,battery operated, low cost, solutions for wide and diverse range of personal devices.
IEEE specs. adopted from Bluetooth specs.
– Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group)
- Stakeholders – IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba, Ericsson, 3COM Microsoft, Agere, Motorola

9. Wireless PAN’s Applications & Architecture
Basic WPAN Characteristics
Bluetooth WPAN Overview
Bluetooth WPAN Ad-Hoc Network Topologies
Components of Bluetooth Architecture

10. Basic WPAN Characteristics
– WPAN Power Levels & Coverage Area
- WLAN (100mW power, 100 m, fixed & wired AP)
- WPAN (1mW, 10 m, mobile & portable devices)
– WPAN Media Control Techniques
- PAN – different types of devices with different QOS
- ad hoc networks controlled by single master & many slaves
- time multiplexed slotted system – slaves poll for bandwidth
- A WPAN device is required to maintain a management information database (MIB) to facilitate end to end network operations of a large infrastructure.
– WPAN Network Lifespan
- WLAN (infinite Lifespan using AP)
- WPAN – master must, no master no n/w
– finite lifespan, ad hoc & temporary conn.

11. Bluetooth WPAN Overview
a WPAN provides support for both asynchronous communication channel for data transfer and asynchronous communication channel for telephony grade voice communication.
- Bluetooth – short range radio link, battery operated devices
compact & personal devices
- Band Used – 2.4 GHz unlicensed ISM band, Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK) mod.
- Spread Spectrum – FHSS (1600 hops/s or 625 µs/hop)
- A slotted channel format is used with a slot (a hop) duration 625µs. This allows for full duplex operation using a fast time division duplex (TDD) scheme

12. - Single-Slot Bluetooth Packet
-Data traffic have maximum asymmetric rate of kbps between two devices.
- Bidirectional ,synchronous 64 kbps channels are able to support voice traffic between two devices

13. Bluetooth WPAN Ad-Hoc Network Topologies
- Piconet (Bluetooth master & slave)
- master – clock sync., frequency hopping scheme
– point-to-point / point-to-multipoint

15. Bluetooth WPAN Ad-Hoc Network Topologies
- Scatternet (piconet’s overlapping time & space)
- Flow of information beyond single piconet area

17. Bluetooth WPAN Ad-Hoc Network Topologies
- Integration of IEEE & networks

18. Components of Bluetooth Architecture
- Bluetooth Protocol Stack
– comm. protocols & interoperable applications

19. Bluetooth Link Controller Basics
Bluetooth System Components
Bluetooth Timeslot Format
Types of Physical Links
Packet Formats
Transmitter/Receiver Timing
Bluetooth Channel Control

20. Bluetooth System Components
- Bluetooth protocol – circuit switched + packet switched data
- Slotted format – Synchronous packet + Asynchronous traffic
- Traffic – 3 simultaneous synchronous voice channels
– sync. voice traffic + async. Data
– async. data kbps (ul) kbps (dl)
– symmetric mode – data rate kbps (ul,dl)
Link Manager

21. Bluetooth Timeslot Format
- Bluetooth Channel – 625 µs timeslots
- bluetooth devices – clock counter (0 to 227–1)
- Transmission (Master – even timeslots, slave – odd timeslots
- TDD Scheme -

22. Bluetooth Timeslot Format
- Bluetooth multi-slot packet transmission -

23. Types of Physical Links
– SCO (Synchronous Connection-Oriented) Link
- symmetric, point-to-point, setup on reserved slots
- circuit-switched connection, used for voice traffic
- master 3SCO link slave, slave 3SCO link master
- SCO link created by master, slave reply SCO packet
– ACL (Asynchronous Connectionless) Link
- point-to-multipoint, setup on non reserved SCO slots
- packet switched connection
- master–slave(only 1 ACL link)

24. Packet Formats
 Access Code Types
- CAC (Channel Access Code)
identify & sync piconet, present in every packet
- DAC (Device Access Code)
signaling paging & paging response
- IAC (Inquiry Access Code)
- GIAC(General IAC)–discover bluetooth devices range
- DIAC(Dedicated IAC) – discover bluetooth devices in range & with common characteristics

25. Packet Formats
 Packet Header Details
- AM_ADDR – 3 bit Active Member address
- TYPE – 4 bit Type code
- Flow – 1 bit flow control
- ARQN –1 bit ack indication
- SEQN – 1bit sequence number
- HEC – 8 bit Header Error Check

26. Packet Formats
 Packet Types
SCO Packets
- ACL Packets

27. Transmitter/Receiver Timing
- use of master clock
- used during & operation of piconet

28. Bluetooth Channel Control
– The Bluetooth Clock (time & frequency hopping)
- free running, never adjusted, not turned off
- master device Bluetooth clock as reference

29. Evolution of IEEE 802.15 Standards
- short range wireless connectivity, moderate data rate, voice
a revision – backward compatibility, interoperability (WPAN & WLAN)
- revised project – 2003
- co-existence of WLAN & WPAN in same spectrum
- Collaborative
(TDMA or algorithm adapting to traffic types)
- Non-Collaborative (no cooperation, interoperability)

30. IEEE & a
- adopted in 2003, WPAN-HR with QoS
- low cost, complexity, power, high data rate(20 mbps)
– Physical Layer

31. IEEE & a
– Piconets - Several Devices (DEV’s)
- PNC (piconet co-ordinator) [timing via beacon frames,
(Qos of piconet, power saving mode]
- Dependent piconet, Parent piconet , Child piconet
- Starting piconet  scan channels & beacon from PNC
 collect info. of parent, child piconet  becomes PNC
 transmit beacon frame in superframe
- Superframe – beacon frame (time allocation, mgmt. info.)
+ CAP (communicate command & data)
+ CTAP (allocation of CTA’s to DEV)

32. IEEE
- Low Rate-WPAN (data rate-250kbps, ultra low power,
low cost, low form factor, low complexity)
-used for WSN
– Physical Layer

33. IEEE
– Piconets (2 wireless topologies)
- Star topology – home applications(PAN, FFD, RFD)
- Peer-to-Peer – industrial, commercial(NC, FFD, RFD)
Star Topology Peer-to-Peer Topology

34. IEEE
– Piconets
Cluster-Tree Network Topology

35. IEEE
– SuperFrame Structure & MAC PDU