1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Machinery Principles
Edit by Chi-Shan Yu
Electric Machinery

2. Instructor 俞齊山 (Chi-Shan Yu), E-mail: chsyu@tea.ntue.edu.tw
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3. Text book and supplementary materials of this course
Stephen J. Chapman
, PH PTR , 5th edition (Feb. 18, 2011), 東華書局代理
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4. Reference book
A. E. Fitzgerald, Electric Machinery, McGraw-Hill , 6th edition (July 25, 2002)
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5. Electric Machinery
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6. Introduction to Electric machinery Fundamental

7. Introduction to Electric machinery Fundamental

8. What to learn in this course ?
Energy Conversion schemes are the key ideas introduced in this course
Which types of energy conversion are concerned?
Electric energy to electric energy
Transformer
Electric energy to mechanical energy
Motor
Mechanical energy to electric energy
Generator
Magnetic energy is essential !
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9. Course Outlines - Overview of relative electromagnetic theories (3wks)
Magnetic field: Ampere’s law
Magnetic flux: magnetic material, hysteresis characteristics
Transformer: Faraday’s law, Len’s law
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10. Course Outlines - Overview of relative electromagnetic theories (conti)
Magnetic circuit
Motor/generator: Induced voltage, induced force
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11. Course Outlines - Transformer (3wks)
Ideal/non-ideal transformer
Equivalent transformer circuit
Voltage regulation, efficiency
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12. Course Outlines - Basic electric machine (motor/generator) theories (3wks)
AC machine : induction machine, synchronous machine
DC machine : separated excited, shunt excited, series excited, compound excited
How the motor rotates ?
Torque/speed
How the generator to build output voltage ?
Voltage/current
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13. Course Outline - induction (asynchronous) machine (3wks)
Induction motor (IM) – the most widely used ac motor in the world
Structure and operation theories of IM
Equivalent circuit of IM
Torque/speed characteristics
Basic motor control
Induction generator (seldom used)
Output voltage control
Voltage/current characteristics
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14. Course Outline - synchronous machine (3wks)
Synchronous generator (SG) – the most widely used generator in the world
Structure and operation theories of SG
Equivalent circuit of SG
Voltage/current characteristics
Parallel operation
Synchronous motor
Operation principles
Starting of synchronous motor
Torque/speed characteristics
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15. History of Electric Machinery

16. History of Electric Machinery

17. History of Electric Machinery

18. History of Electric Machinery

19. Today’s development DC Machine Transformer AC Machine Motor Generator
Single phase
Three phases
AC Machine
Synchronous machine – motor, generator
Asynchronous machine (induction machine) – motor, generator
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20. Today’s development and future trends
Micro-step stepping motor
Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)
Brushless dc motor (BLDCM)
Linear motor
Reluctance motor
Synchronous reluctance
Switched reluctance
Ultrasonic motor
Bionic robotics
MEMS motor
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21. Course relation 碩/博班入學與高考科目
It is the fundamental course of the electrical engineering
Future courses
Power electronics
Motor control
Electric motor drive
Power systems
Renewable energy
Electrical vehicle
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22. Chapter 1. Introduction to machinery principles
Rotation motion, Newton’s law and power relationships
The magnetic field
Faraday’s law
Produce an induced force on a wire
Produce an induced voltage on a conductor
Linear dc machine examples
Real, reactive and apparatus power in AC circuits
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23. Rotation motion, Newton’s law and power relationships
Clockwise (CW) and Counterclockwise (CCW)
CCW is assumed as the positive direction, CW is assumed as the negative direction.
Linear and rotation motion
Position and angular
(meter) (degree or radian)
Speed and angular speed
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24. Rotation motion, Newton’s law and power relationships
Acceleration and angular acceleration
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25. Torque
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26. Torque
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27. Newton’s law of rotation
Force
Torque
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28. Torque and Work
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29. Power (rate of doing work)
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30. Conversion between watts and horsepower
Conversion between two units
5252 / 7.04 =
1hp = 746W = 0.746kW
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31. The magnetic field
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32. Produce a magnetic field – Ampere’s law
The magnetic field is produced by ampere’s law
The core is a ferromagnetic material
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33. From the magnetic field to magnetic flux density
When the magnetic field is applied on a ferromagnetic material, the magnetic flux density B will be produced
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34. Magnetic flux density and magnetic flux
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35. Magnetic Circuit – magnetomotive force
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36. Magnetic circuit
Magnetic circuit
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37. Electric circuit and magnetic circuit
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38. Electric Machinery

39. Electric Machinery

40. Reluctance in magnetic circuit
Series connection
Parallel connection
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41. The errors in magnetic circuit computation
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42. The errors in magnetic circuit computation
4. Air gap “fringing effect”
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43. Example 1-1
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50. Magnetic circuit
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51. MATLAB Programs
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52. Example 1-2
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53. Example 1-2
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60. Example 1-3
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69. Magnetic behavior of ferromagnetic material - Saturation
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70. Magnetic curve for a typical steel
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71. A plot of relative permeability mr
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72. Example 1-4
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73. Example 1-5
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80. Energy loss in ferromagnetic core – hysteresis loss
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81. Hysteresis loop – residual flux
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82. The effect of magnetomotive force on the hysteresis loop
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83. Magnetization curve
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84. Hysteresis loss
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85. Hysteresis loss
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86. Electric Machinery

87. Faraday’s law – induce voltage from a time-varying magnetic field
Induced voltage magnitude and polarity
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88. The induced voltage polarity – Lenz’s law
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89. Flux and flux linkage
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90. Example 1-6
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93. Produce an induced force on a wire
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94. Example 1-7
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95. Example 1-7
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96. Relationship between electric-magnetic variables
Magnetic field: Ampere’s law
Magnetic flux: magnetic material, hysteresis characteristics
Transformer: Faraday’s law, Len’s law
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97. Induced voltage on a conductor
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98. Example 1-8
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100. Example 1-9
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102. The linear DC machine – a simple example
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105. Starting a linear DC machine
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106. Starting a linear DC machine
Current
Induced force
Induced voltage
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107. Starting a linear DC machine
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108. Summarize of a dc machine starting
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109. DC linear machine operates at no-load condition
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110. Linear dc motor While the load is applied
The conversion power between mechanical and electrical
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111. Summarize of a dc motor operation
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112. Linear dc generator
While the external force is applied on the moving direction
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113. Summarize of a dc generator operation
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114. Starting problem of dc linear machine
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115. Example 1-10
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116. Example 1-10
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121. Matlab/Simulink simulation
Equations:
F = ilB
e = vBl
i = (Vb-e) / R
dv/dt = (F-Fload)/m
Simulation parameters:
Vb=120V, R=0.3W, l = 1m
B=0.6T, m=0.1kg
Fload=10(u-1)-20(u-2) nt
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122. Matlab/Simulink simulation
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124. Real, reactive and apparatus power in AC circuits
Power in DC circuit
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125. Real, reactive and apparatus power in AC circuits
AC source applies power to an impedance Z
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126. Instantaneous power
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127. Instantaneous power
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128. Average power and reactive power
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129. Reactive power Q and apparatus power S
Reactive power Q (var) is defined from instantaneous power
Apparatus power S (VA) is defined to represent the product of voltage and current magnitudes
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131. Complex power representation
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132. Complex power representation
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133. Power direction
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134. Power factor
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135. Example 1-11
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138. Three phase concepts
The three phase concepts are also introduced in Appendix
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