1. Urinary system This is the “Quarterback” of team Homeostasis
The excretory system
Urinary system
This is the “Quarterback” of team Homeostasis

2. Parts
Lungs
Skin
kidneys

3. functions
The excretory system removes toxins and wastes from the body.
Regulates the amount of fluid and salts in the body
Maintains the pH of the blood

4. Kidneys
Bean shaped organs that filter out wastes, water and salts from the blood
Blood enters the kidneys, it is filtered
Urine leaves the kidneys through ducts called the ureters
Urine is then stored in the bladder then exits the body through the urethra
The kidneys filter 180 L of blood every day, but produce ony 1.5 L of urine

5. Kidney Treatments Kidney disorders
Dialysis – procedure in which an artificial kidney machine filters out wastes and toxins from a patient’s blood
Kidney transplant
Infection – fever, chills, and mid to low back pain, usually start as urinary bladder infections that spread to the kidneys, Treated by antibiotics
Nephritis – Blood in the urine, swelling of body tissues, protein in the urine
Kidney Stones – crystalized solid, such as calcium compounds. Small stones can pass, larger ones must be broken up or removed by surgery

6. Respiratory System
Breathing is the mechanical movement of air into and out of your lungs.
Air enters your mouth or nose.
Hair like structures called cilia trap foreign particles from the air and sweep them toward the throat.
Filtered air then passes through the upper throat called the pharynx.

7. Breathing: Inhalation is the act of taking air into the lungs
The diaphragm contracts, causing the chest cavity to expand as the diaphragm moves down.
During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its normal resting position
This reduces the size of the chest cavity as the diaphragm moves up.
The epiglottis allows air to pass from the larynx to a long tube in the chest cavity called the trachea.
The trachea branches into two large tubes, called bronchi, which lead to the lungs.
Each bronchus branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles.
individual air sacs called alveoli

8. Common Respiratory Disorders
Asthma – respiratory pathways become irritated, bronchioles constrict
Bronchitis – Resp. pathways become infected – coughing &production of mucous
Emphysema – Alveoli break down, reduced surface area for gas exchange
Pneumonia – infection of the lungs causes alveoli to collect mucous
Lung Cancer- Uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue – persistent cough, pneumonia, and eventually DEATH!!!!!!!!!!!!

9. Smokers beware
cancer sticks = expensive medical bills, then death.

10. The Circulatory system
Parts:
Blood vessels
Heart
Blood
Functions:
Transports oxygen and nutrients
Carries disease-fighting materials produced by the immune system
Distributes heat throughout the body to help regulate body temperature

11. Arteries Capillaries Veins
Oxygen-rich blood is carried away from the heart.
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels where the exchange of important substances and wastes occur
Veins
Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart

12. The Heart
Pulse:
The alternating expansion and relaxation of the artery wall caused by contraction of the left ventricle
Blood Pressure
A measure of how much pressure is exerted against the vessel walls by the blood
A hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Divided into four compartments called chambers- right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

13. Pathway Of blood through the heart
Blood enters the heart through the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium of the heart.
blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs where it is oxygenated.

14. The pulmonary vein empties oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart.
As the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle through the open mitral valve.
blood leaves the heart through the aortic valve, into the aorta and to the body.

15. How do cells communicate with each other?
The nervous System
How do cells communicate with each other?

16. Neuron – specialized cells that help you gather info about your environment & interpret the info
Central nervous system - brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system – sensory neurons & motor neurons
Cerebrum – largest part of the brain
Hypothalamus- essential for maintaining homeostasis- regulates body temp, thirst, appetite, and water balance

17. Digestive system Why do you eat? Functions:
To obtain necessary nutrients and energy to stay alive.
Breaks down nutrients to be absorbed