1. COS Standard 5
Evaluate the impact of social changes and the influence of key figures in the United States from World War I through the 1920s, including Prohibition, the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, the Scopes Trial, limits on immigration, Ku Klux Klan activities, the Red Scare, Susan B. Anthony, Margaret Sanger, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the Harlem Renaissance, the Great Migration, W. C. Handy, the Jazz Age, and Zelda Fitzgerald.

2. Prohibition 18th Amendment 21st Amendment
Prohibits sale, manufacture and distribution of alcohol.
21st Amendment
Repeals prohibitions
Speakeasies: secret bar where alcohol can be purchased
Alcohol and violence are related.

3. Prohibition continued

4. Prohibition continued

5. 19th Amendment Suffrage: right to vote
1848: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott attempt to gain the rights to vote at the Seneca Falls Convention.
After the Civil War, women try to get the right to vote when African Americans get the right to vote (piggyback on the passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments)

6. 19th Amendment continued
2 groups of suffragists emerged:
National Women Suffrage Association: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony; passing constitutional amendments for suffrage
American Women Suffrage Association: Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe; convince state governments to pass legislation for suffrage
Apart, the groups are not effective.
Some states do pass suffrage laws: Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and Colorado

7. 19th Amendment continued
The two groups will unite: National American Women Suffrage Association
Other states will allow women to vote, but still not universal.
Women begin to march to protest lack of rights.
Some suffragettes resort to extreme tactics to get the right to vote.
Alice Paul

8. 19th Amendment continued
The 19th Amendment takes a couple of times to finally pass through Congress. –passed June 4, 1919
It is not until August 18, 1920 that the amendment is ratified

9. Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul

10. The Scopes Trial
With the changes taking place in America, people worry about social decline.
In 1925, Tennessee passes the Butler Act, which makes it illegal to teach evolution (human developed from a lower form of life over millions of years).
John T. Scopes tests the Butler Act.
He is arrested and put on trial and found guilty

11. Limits on immigration
President Harding passes the Emergency Quota Act in 1921.
Limits immigration to 3% of the total number of people in any ethnic group already living in the US.
In 1924, the National Origins Act was passed.
Lowered the quota to 2% of each national group living in the US in 1890 restricts immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.
No restrictions on immigrants from the western hemisphere.

12. First Red Scare
Promotion of widespread fear by society or state about a potential rise of communism, anarchism, or radical leftism
Communism is associated with disloyalty and unpatriotic behavior.
Nationwide panic that the Communists might take control of America
“Big Brother” will start to watch people they think are a threat.

13. A. Mitchell Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover

14. Palmer Raids
A. Mitchell Palmer: US Attorney General attacked with bomb.
Sets up General Intelligence Division of Justice Department headed by J. Edgar Hoover (FBI)
A series of raids conducted by the United States Department of Justice
Goal was to capture and arrest suspected radical leftists, especially anarchists, and the deport them from the U.S.
Anarchy- “without rulers”
Results in over 500 foreigners being deported

15. J. Edgar Hoover

16. Limits on immigration continued
Immigration restrictions limit the amount of people in the labor pool.
Mexican immigrants flood into the US.
In the 1920s, racism and nativism increased.
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti: two Italian immigrants who were self confessed anarchists and radicals
Accused of armed robbery and murder at the Slater and Morrill shoe factory in South Braintree, Massachusetts.

17. Sacco and Vanzetti

18. Sacco and Vanzetti Trial lasted 7 weeks Unfair trial-
They held radical beliefs
The press coverage turned public opinion against them
Nationwide anti-radical and anti-immigrant hysteria from Red Scare
Judge Webster Thayer was prejudiced against the two men
Result-August 23rd 1927, they both were executed by electrocution

19. Limits on immigration and KKK
Nativists like the idea of Eugenics.
Improving heredity traits
Inferior people should not be allowed to breed.
Human improvement required marriages of society’s “best” of the “best”
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)-2nd Generation-Roots were in the Deep South (Atlanta)
4 million members during the 1920’s
Will attempt to restrict immigration.
Target: African Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants and people who have “un-American” values.

20. Limits on immigration continued
Why is there a revival of racism and nativism?
Economic recession
Influx of immigrants
Tensions between races and cultures
Immigrants threatens the “status quo”
Competition for same jobs

21. Margaret Sanger Nurse serving poor women on the Lower East Side
Advocated for birth control
Sex education column- “What Every Girl Should Know”
Wrote for The Call, a socialist newspaper
In trouble for mailing obscenities
Comstock Law- made it a crime to circulate “obscenity” through the mail
Obscenities= Information about contraception or abortion

22. New morality and Flapper
Challenges traditional ideals and glorifies youth and personal freedom
Women go to work, earn a living or attend college
Cars allow young people to pursue interests away from parents.
Flapper: young, dramatic, stylish, and unconventional women; smoke, drink and wear revealing clothes

23. Flapper

24. Harlem Renaissance
Great Migration: African Americans move from the south to the north in search for jobs.
Harlem, New York: African Americans who cultivate their artistic development, racial pride, sense of community and political organizations which led to African American arts.

25. Examples of people of the Harlem Renaissance
Claude McKay: writer
Langston Hughes: writer
Louis Armstrong: trumpet and cornet player; introduced jazz music (influenced by Dixieland music and ragtime)
Cotton Club: famous Harlem nightspot
Duke Ellington: jazz musician
Bessie Smith: blues singer (soulful music about problems)

26. Examples of people of the Harlem Renaissance

27. W. C. Handy Musician Father of the Blues Alabama “St. Louis Blues”
“Beale Street Blues”

28. Jazz Age
Nicknamed the Roaring Twenties

29. Zelda Fitzgerald Flapper: carefree, dramatic and unconventional
Alabama
Married to F. Scott Fitzgerald
Wrote short stories and painted