1. Eastern & Western Campaign Mid 1863-1865
Civil War Part I
Eastern & Western Campaign
Mid

2. Gettysburg Battle – July 1-3, 1863

3. Union & Confederacy Major Players
Commander: General George Meade
Brig. Gen. John Buford’s cavalry (1st day)
Major Gen. John Reynolds (Union 1st Corps), 1st Day)
General Abner Doubleday (1st day ordered retreat from McPherson and Oak Ridge to Seminary Ridge and ultimately Cemetery Hill)
Major General Winfield S. Hancock (took over after Reynolds as Meade’s second, organized defenses on Cemetery Hill, wounded from P.C.)
Colonel Joshua Chamberlain (Little Round Top)
Major General Daniel Sickles (Devils’ Den
CONFEDERATE
Commander: General Robert E. Lee
Three Large Corps
General James Longstreet
General Richard Ewell (did not pursue at night of 1st day)
General A.P. Hill (Cashtown)
Gen Henry Heth (1st day)
Jeb Stuart
Where was he 1st and 2nd day?
What are his orders for the 3rd day? Successful or not?
John Bell Hood (Devils Den,– 6000 from both sides”)
George Pickett
Brig. General Lewis Armistead (lone general of Pickett’s charge who was able to cross the stonewall (The ANGLE) with about 300 men

4. Where Is
JEB
Stuart?
McPherson’s
Ridge
Oak Ridge
Seminary
Ridge
Cemetary
Hill/Ridge
&
Culp’s Hill

5. “A terribly
Bloody
Day”
“Hell
On Earth”
Cemetary
Hill
And
Culp’s
The
Wheatfield
Little
Round
Top
Devils
Den, a.k.a.
“valley of
death”
Peach
Orchard

8. The most memorable
Charge of the war
“I will strike him there”
--Robert E. Lee
What Was confederates
High water mark of battle?

9. Dreadful Aftermath Casualties, more than: U (23,000), C (28,000)
Townspeople had to deal with dead, wounded soldiers long after armies retreated
Churches, barns, private homes turned into to hospitals
Gettysburg Address – Nov. 19, 1863
National Cemetery
Reinvigorate the war effort

10. The Battle at Vicksburg
Key to controlling the Mississippi River
Siege of Confederate citadel (May-July 1863)
Grant’s forces vs. Pemberton’s forces 30,000)
Horrors of war experienced by civilians
Disease, starvation, seeking shelter from bombs
Pemberton and his soldiers surrendered on July 4th, an unconditional surrender
Led to surrender of Port Hudson (July 8th), last Confederate port
Confederacy had been split in 2 (AK, LA, TX)

13. New York City Draft Riots

14. Grant takes Command – Spring 1864
War of Attrition – Grant’s plan to attack Lee and never let up despite any losses Union may encounter; Continue fighting until the South had run out of men, supplies, and the will to fight.
Grant’s 3 Prong offensive
Union under the command of General Sheridan, 30,000 men advance up James River towards Richmond
General Sherman march south towards Atlanta to destroy Southern center
Grant and Meade would target Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia

15. 1864 – East and West 10 min. movie clip
Grant’s Eastern Campaigns (The Final Campaigns)
May 5th: Wilderness (inconclusive)
Fighting among tangled underbrush and dense woods
brushfires and fog, friendly fire
James Longstreet accidentally shot
May 9th-12th: Spotsylvania Court House
Bloody frenzy
Death of JEB Stuart
Inconclusive but reiterates Grant’s strategy – war of attrition

16. Further Fighting in VA June 3rd: Cold Harbor
Direct frontal assault by Grant
Lee had built a 6 mile long entrenchment, with rivers protecting both flanks
Union forces knew this was bad – pinned scraps of paper to their uniforms
Worse decisions he ever made
Within 30 minutes, 7000 Union troops were cut down – rebel entrenched
4 weeks of grueling battles here – Union loses more than 50,000 men
The Siege of Petersburg begins
A mere matter of time and numbers – Lee
Avoid a direct conflict with Lee at Richmond and instead wear them down
Important supply, rail, and communications center (connected directly to Richmond)
Siege would last over 10 months until end of war --- trench warfare
Grant brought in reinforcements, but Lee could not

17. “Tecumseh”
“war is
War”
“Total War”
Sherman’s
March to
The Sea
“Young and old
Must feel the
Hand of war”
“make GA
Howl”
Scorched
Earth policy
Was it
Necessary?

19. Sherman’s Western Campaign
INSERT in MARGIN NEXT TO J & K ON NOTES
Sherman’s Atlanta 108,000 men
Advanced from Chatt. To Atlanta in May 1864
Confed General: Joe Johnston (60,000 troops) replaced by Gen. John Bell Hood
Sherman troops surround city slowly but methodically
By Sept, city of Atlanta in Union hands
Significant victory, a manufacturing city
South deprived of important communication center
Lost last rail link across Appalachian Mts.
Boosted morale of soldiers/Northerners giving Lincoln what he needed to win reelection

20. The Burning of Atlanta

21. The March to the Sea
Grant had encouraged Sherman to stay in Georgia to defeat all troops there, but he had bigger plans
March forces from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia seaport ---- begins Nov. 15th
62,000 troops cut a 60 mile wide (300 mile path) front across the state intending to “make Georgia howl”
Sherman cut off all supply lines and live off landscape
Strip the South of everything the could support war effort
By Dec. 21st – Sherman outside Savannah “I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the city”
Next stop South Carolina and then North– extending same type of damage as was done in GA
Gen. Johnston finally surrenders to Sherman pm April 26, 1865

22. The Destruction of Richmond and Surrender (April 1865)
Early 1865, Lee abandons Petersburg and heads to Richmond
Davis and Confederacy gov’t told to abandon Richmond
Panic in the street – Richmond ablaze
Union troops enter and place under military control
Lee’s army quickly moved west to no avail
The Generals had already been in contact
“There is nothing left for me to do then go see General Grant, and I would rather die a thousand deaths”
Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House in VA on April 9, 1865– surrender terms were generous

24. What did the Civil War cost us?
Union soldiers
360,000
Confed. soldiers
Loss of
innocence
$6 million for Union
$3 million
For Confeds.
Deep animosity
Regional and racial
2% of the
population
Devastated
landscape

25. A Nation at a Loss