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Chapter 6 Valence electrons
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Valence electrons Are electrons that can be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds ( the bonding process ) The valence electrons are the electrons in an atoms highest energy
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Valence electrons Valence electrons are the electrons in the highest energy levels of an elements atom Highest energy levels are the s and p orbitals Maximum number of valence electrons any element can have is 8
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Valence electrons, ions, and ionic charge
When an element gains or loses electrons, an ion is formed. An ion is an atom or a particle with a positive charge or a negative charge
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Ions and ionic charge An atom that loses electrons (negative charges) forms a positive ion, the ion has more protons + charges in the nucleus than electrons - charges Called a cation
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Groups 1, 2 and 13 lose electrons
Groups 1, 2, and 13 form positive ions (cations)
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Hydrogen H is in group 1 H has 1 valence electron H loses one electron and forms a +1 positive ion H+ 1S loses this one valence electron when bonding
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Ions and ionic charge Magensium, Mg is in group 2, Mg has 2 valence electrons, when Mg loses the 2 valence Mg forms a +2 ion Mg+2 1S22S22P63S loses these 2 valence electrons
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Boron, B in group 13, has 3 valence electrons
When B forms an ion it loses the 3 valence electrons and forms a +3 ion B+3
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Lithium is in group 1 Lithium has 1 valence electron in the 2nd energy level 1S22S1 Li will lose that one electron to form a +1 ion Li+
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Ions and ionic charges An atom that gains electrons (negative charges) forms a negative ion The ion has more – charges than + charges called an anion Groups 15, 16 and 17 gain electrons Groups 15, 16, and 17 form negative ions (anions)
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Nitrogen, N in group 15, group 15 elements form -3 ions, anions 1S22S22P valence electrons, will gain 3 electrons to form a -3 ion, N-3
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Group 16 elements form a -2 ion, meaning the elements gain 2 electrons
Oxygen, O forms a -2 ion, anion 1S22S22P4 6 valence electrons O-2
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Group 17 elements form -1 ions, group 17 elements gain 1 valence electron
1S22S22P5 7 valence electrons F-1
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Valence electrons Group 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 # of Valence Electrons 3
Ionic Charge formed +1 +2 +3 -3 -2 -1 Ion that is Formed Cation Anion s block element p block elements
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