1. Chapter 6 Cell Energy: Photosynthesis & Respiration
Plants go through photosynthesis  our body does the _________- continuous cycle

2. Experiments
Jan Van ______- planted tree- 5 yrs later- no soil mass change- tree grew source was WATER not soil
Joseph ______- candle and plant in glass bell- candle alone did not burn
plant w/______- plant produced O2 needed for candle to burn

3. Requirements for Photosynthesis
air- CO2
________
H2O
Products of Photosynthesis- glucose (simple sugars)
________

5. Photosynthesis & NRG – some terms
________
use a source of direct nrg (sunlight) to produce food from _______ molecules
heterotroph
Cannot produce own source of food
obtain nrg from foods eaten- other ________ and autotrophs

6. Structure of Chloroplast
________
thylakoid membrane
_______
light reactions- ________ membranes
________ reactions- stroma

7. electron micrograph of plant chloroplast

8. Light Reactions pigments capture sunlight to “make” nrg
chlorophyll absorbs red-orange-blue-violet-but __________ green
happens in the disk structures called thylakoid membranes
can be summarized in 4 actions…

10. Light Reactions
1- light is absorbed by pigments- light is passed from pigment to pigment
2- electron transport- high nrg e- passed along by carriers- converts _______ to NADPH (E storing compound)
3- ________ production
4- ATP formation- ADP+P by enzyme in thylakoid membranes

11. Calvin Cycle (_____ __________ )
“dark” because light does not play a specific role in these reactions-
could happen in light OR dark
uses: ATP and high E __________
(e- raised to a higher nrg level by absorption of sunlight)
happens in the ________ of chloroplast

12. Calvin Cycle (Dark Reactions )
5-C sugar combines w/CO2 to make 2 3-C sugars (enzyme rubisco helps)
the 3-C sugars are converted to PGAL w/nrg in NADPH & ATP (light rxns)
(phosphoglyceraldehyde) makes glucose
Calvin cycle must go around ______ to produce 1 molecule of glucose- why??
hint- glucose is a 6-C sugar

13. brief pictorial representation of photosynthesis

15. The two reactions together (light and dark)- make the GLUCOSE for plants

17. The opposite reaction (process)…Respiration
Where does nrg come from for animals?
Respiration- 2 types
aerobic respiration- oxygen required
anaerobic respiration- no oxygen required

18. Anaerobic = fermentation
Glucose 2 ethanol + 2 carbon dioxide + 2 ATPs
only 2 ATPs (compare that later to # produced by Aerobic)
C6H12O62 CH3CH2OH + 2 CO2 + NRG
(ethanol) (2 ATP)

19. 2 types of Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation

20. Alcoholic Fermentation
takes place in yeast cells & a few other microorganisms- important to bakers and brewers…Why?
glucose broken down into:
2-Carbon alcohol
CO2
produces “bubbles” in beer, sparkling wine
allows bread to rise

21. Lactic Acid Fermentation
happens in muscle cells
hard workouts- no O2 – NRG still needs to be produced- cell changes to anaerobic respiration
build-up of lactic acid causes a burning, painful sensation in muscles

22. Aerobic Respiration glycolysis and respiration
C6H12O6 +6O26 CO2 + 6 H2O + E (38 ATP)
glycolysis and respiration
glycolysis- glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid (cytosol)
pyruvic acid moves into mitochondria for Kreb’s cycle (citric acid cycle)
38 ATP produced (net)!

23. Aerobic Respiration

24. Electron Transport Chain
This takes place in the inter membrane of the Mitochondrion
This is where most of the ATP is made.
A pair of electrons moving down the chain can
Produce enough energy to make 3 ATP