1. Respiratory System

2. Respiratory System Consists of the lungs and air passages.
This system is responsible for taking in oxygen, a gas needed by all body cells, and removing carbon dioxide,___________________________

3. Parts of the Respiratory System
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alevoli, and lungs.

4. Respiratory Structures
The nose has two openings, through which the air enters. __________________________

5. Respiratory System
As air enters the cavities, it is warmed, filtered, and moistened.
Mucus, produced by the mucous membranes moistens the air and helps trap pathogens and dirt.
Tiny hair like structures called cilia, filter air to trap dust and other particles. ___________________________________

6. Respiratory Structures
Sinuses are cavities in the skull that surround the nasal area. They are connected to the nasal cavity by short ducts. The sinuses are lined with a mucous membrane that warms and moistens air.
Pharynx or throat, lies directly behind the nasal cavities. _________________________

7. Respiratory System
The larynx (voice box), lies between the pharynx and trachea. It as nine layers of cartilage. The larynx contains two folds the vocal cords.
The epiglottis, closes the opening of the larynx during swallowing. ____________________

8. Respiratory System
The trachea is a tube extending from the larynx to the center of the chest. It carries air between the pharynx and the bronchi. __________________________________
The trachea divides into two bronchi near the center of the chest, a right bronchus and a left bronchus. The right bronchus is shorter, wider, and extends more vertically then the left. Each bronchus enters a lung and carries air from the trachea to the lung. In the lungs the bronchoi continue to divide into smaller branches, called bronchioles. The smaller bronchioles are called alevoli (air sacs).

9. Respiratory System
The alveoli resemble a bunch of grapes. An adult lung contains approximately 500 million alveoli. __________________________________

10. Respiratory System
The right lung has three sections or lobes: superior, middle and inferior. The left has only 2 lobes because it is smaller, due to the heart.
Each lung is enclosed in a membrane, or sac called the pleura. __________________________

11. Process of breathing
Ventilation is the process of breathing. It involves two phases: inspiration and expiration.
Inspiration is the process of breathing in air. The diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract and enlarge the thoracic cavity to create a vacuum. Air rushes in through the airways to the alveoli.
When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax the process of expiration. Air is forced out of the lungs and air passages.
___________________________________

12. Stages of Respiration _________________________________
External respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood stream.
Internal respiration is the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the tissue cells and the bloodstream. Oxygen is carried to the tissue cells by the blood.

13. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Asthma is the respiratory disorder usually caused by a sensitivity to an allergen such as dust, pollen, an animal, medications or a food. Symptoms include excessive mucus resulting in a productive cough, _______________________________

14. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a term used to describe any chronic lung disease that results in obstruction of the airways. Smoking is a primary cause, _____________________________

15. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Emphysema is a noninfectious, chronic respiratory condition that occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity. __________________________________

16. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Epistaxis or a nose bleed; occurs when the capillaries in the nose become congested and bleed. ________________________________

17. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection of the upper respirator system. Onset is sudden and symptoms include chills _________________________________

18. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx and vocal cords. ___________________________

19. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. It is a preventable disease because the main cause is exposure to carcinogens in tabacco, wither through smoking or through exposure to “second hand smoke”. ___________________________________

20. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, or membranes of the lungs. It usually occurs in conjunction with pneumonia or other lung infections. ____________________________

21. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Pneumonia is an inflammation or infection of the lungs; with a build up on fluid in the alveoli. It is usually caused by bacteria, viruses or chemicals. ________________________________

22. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucus, resulting in a ______________________

23. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucus membrane lining of the sinuses. One or more sinuses may be affected. ___________________________

24. Diseases and abnormal condition
Sleep apnea is a condition in which individual stops breathing while asleep, causing a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels. There are two main kinds of sleep apnea obstructive and central.
Obstructive is caused when there is a blockage in the air passage that occurs when the muscles that keep the airway open relax and allow the tongue to block the airway.
__________________________________
CPAP machines are used which delivers pressure to the airway to keep the airway open

25. Diseases and abnormal conditions
Tuberculosis is an infectious lung disease caused by bacteria. AT times white blood cells surround the invading TB organism and wall them off creating nodules. ____________________________