1. Sexual Assault The Victim, the Perpetrators, and the Criminal Justice System Second Edition
Copyright 2005, 2009, 2018
Frances P. Reddington and Betsy Wright Kreisel
All Rights Reserved
Power Point Presentation by:
Mark A. Noe
Power Point Presentation: Copyright 2001
Copyright © 2018 Frances P. Reddington, Betsy Wright Kreisel and Mark Noe
Sexual Assault

2. Overview Part II - The Victims
Part I - The Crime
Part II - The Victims
Part III - The Often Unacknowledged Victim
Part IV - The Offenders
Part V - The Criminal Justice System
Part VI - Public Fear and Legislative Response
Copyright © 2018 Frances P. Reddington, Betsy Wright Kreisel and Mark Noe

3. Part I The Crime Chapter 1 An Overview of Sexual Assault
Movie the Accused (1988) based on the New Bedford Case
involving a Portuguese women , Cheryl Araujo
The movie depicted the victim, played by Jodie Foster, as just
that, a victim
In contrast to the storybook ending in which the victim is vindicated,
the initial news coverage of the trial generated a media frenzy leading
the Portuguese community t o eventually vilify the victim for her own
victimization and in essence treat the perpetrators as if they were
heroes (Chancer 1998).
Tammy Garland Pages 3 - 4
Copyright © 2018 Frances P. Reddington, Betsy Wright Kreisel and Mark Noe
Sexual Assault

4. What is Sexual Assault?
The word rape stems from the Latin word rapere -
“to take by force”
The term “Sexual Assault” has been used to characterize the
word rape in less offensive and unthreatening manner
Most literature focuses 1960s s brought about the
major concerns about rape throughout the world
Review Table 1. Summary of Definitionnal Elements of Rape and Other Sex Offenses as Used in the U.S. Department of Justice Statistical Series Page 5
Copyright © 2018 Frances P. Reddington, Betsy Wright Kreisel and Mark Noe
Sexual Assault

5. The Crime Sex crimes, or sexual assault is another term for rape
Child abuse
Attempted rape
Rape by threat
Use of force
Sexual harassment
(Reddington & Kreisel 2009)
Copyright © 2018 Frances P. Reddington, Betsy Wright Kreisel and Mark Noe
Sexual Assault

6. Characteristics and Statistics
Most rapists tend to be young white males
The majority of rapes go unreported, why?
History shows that women were regarded as “property”
Feminist Movements in 1960s – 1970s
Why do men rape?
Power
Anger
Sadism
Why do people rape. It is a crime which can be committed by either males or females.
Copyright © 2018 Frances P. Reddington, Betsy Wright Kreisel and Mark Noe
Sexual Assault

7. Problems with Rape Statistics
Majority of rapes/sexual assaults go unreported
Until 1973, rape statistics were not even collected
Most victims have no desire to tell anyone
The definition has been vague as to what constitutes the crime of
rape
Many victims fail to understand the definition of rape
Afraid they will not be believed by family and friends
Pages 8 – 9
Copyright © 2018 Frances P. Reddington, Betsy Wright Kreisel and Mark Noe
Sexual Assault

8. The History of Sexual Victimization
Why have men been able to subjugate women without any
fear of retribution?
Why should women remain afraid of being assaulted in the
streets?
Is centuries of subjugation through violence a difficult
phenomenon to overcome?
Page 9
Copyright © 2018 Frances P. Reddington, Betsy Wright Kreisel and Mark Noe
Sexual Assault

9. The Law and Rape
Man would rape his intended bride to “stake his claim”
Under the system of lex talionis (an eye for an eye), men were
permitted to rape the assailant’s wife if his daughter had been
raped (Brownmiller 1975)
Slaves were forbidden to marry; therefore the rape of black
women was not sanctioned by law
Prior to the 1970’s, the criminal justice system in the United
States approached rape cases with disregard
Pages
Copyright © 2018 Frances P. Reddington, Betsy Wright Kreisel and Mark Noe
Sexual Assault

10. Slavery and Rape
Sexual victimization in the United States during the 16th and 17th
centuries was common practice
Slaves were forbidden to marry; therefore the rape of a black woman
was not sanctioned by law
Female slaves were also raped by their black brothers (Van Wormer and
Bartollas 2000)
Rape among female slaves was not punishable but encouraged since a
union might produce another “piece of property”, a child
Frances P. Reddington and Betsy Wright Kreisel (2005, 2009)
Copyright © 2018 Frances P. Reddington, Betsy Wright Kreisel and Mark Noe
Sexual Assault

11. The full set of 118 slides is available to professors upon adoption of this book. If you are using it for a class, please contact Beth at to request your copy of the PowerPoint presentations.
Copyright © 2018 Frances P. Reddington, Betsy Wright Kreisel and Mark Noe