1. The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

2. Pelvic (hip) Girdle 2 coxal (hip) bones Sacroiliac Joint
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacroiliac Joint
Pubic Symphysis
Function:
Support for vertebral column
Protect pelvic organs
Attach lower limbs

3. Coxal Bone Markings Ilium Ischium Pubis Acetabulum Iliac Crest
Greater Sciatic Notch
Obturator Foramen

4. Pelvis Combination of the sacrum, coccyx, and the 2 hip bones
2 parts – greater (false) and lesser (true)

5. Pelvis - continued Ilium Ischium Pubis Pubic Symphysis Sacrum Coccyx
Pelvic Brim
Pelvic Inlet
Pelvic Outlet
Pubic Arch

7. X-Ray of Pelvis

8. Comparison of Male and Female Pelvis
Point of Comparison
Female
Male
General Structure
Light and Thin
Heavy and Thick
False Pelvis
Shallow
Deep
Pelvic Inlet
Larger and Oval
Smaller and Heart Shaped
Acetabulum
Small, faces anteriorly
Large and faces laterally
Obturator Foramen
Oval
Round
Pubic Arch
Greater than 90o
Less than 90o

9. Comparison of Male and Female Pelvis

10. Pelvimetry
Measurement of the size of the inlet and outlet of the birth canal.

11. Pelvic Girdle Checkpoint
What is the name of the hip bone?
What are the 3 parts of the hip bone?
Can you identify them on a diagram???
List 3 functions of the pelvic girdle
What is the name of the “socket” where the head of the femur sits?
List 3 differences between the male and female pelvis. Why are these present?

12. LOWER LIMB 30 bones in each Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

13. Femur Longest, strongest heaviest bone in the body
Diaphysis has a medial bend to bring knees closer to the midline of the body

14. Femur continued
Head
Neck
Trochanter
Condyles
Patellar Surface

15. Patella
Sesamoid bone
Develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle
Increases the leverage of the tendon and maintains the position of the tendon

16. Patellofemoral stress syndrome
AKA “Runner’s Knee”
Patella does not glide up and down between the femoral condyles but rather laterally causing pain.

17. Tibia Shin Bone Larger of 2 lower leg bones
Articulates with femur, fibula and talus

18. Tibia Continued Condyle (medial and lateral) Tibial Tuberosity
Medial Malleolus

19. Shin Splints
Soreness or pain along the tibia due to inflammation of the periosteum from the repeated tugging of the attached muscles and tendons. Often the result of walking or running up and down hills.

20. Fibula Parallel and lateral to the tibia
Articulates with the tibia and the talus
Head, lateral malleolus

21. The Foot

22. Tarsals 7 Ankle Bones Posterior: Talus and Calcaneus
Anterior: cuboid, navicular and 3 cuneiform

23. Metatarsals
5 bones make up the instep of the foot
Numbered I-V

24. Phalanges
14 in each foot
Hallux (Big Toe) has 2, the rest of the toes have 3

25. Bones of the Foot A - Talus B – Navicular C - Cuneiform D - Cuneiform
E – Distal Phalanax
F – Middle Phalanx
G – Proximal Phalanx
H - Metatarsal
I - Cuneiform
J - Cuboid
K - Calcaneous

26. Arches of the Foot Transverse and Longitudinal
Arches enable the foot to support the weight of the body

27. LOWER LIMB CHECKPOINT answer these in your notes
What are the bones of the lower limb?
Describe the hip joint
Describe the knee joint
Which is the medial bone of the lower leg?
What type of bone is the patella?