1. Global Communications Media
Chapter 16

2. International Media Flows

3. Globalization Media industry models Glo-cal
Ways of organizing and producing media
Draw on dominant international genres, formats, programming designs
Glo-cal
Global media models with local production
Worldwide penetration of communication technologies
Creates both problems & possibilities

4. Global Trends Regionalization Cultural proximity National production
Creation of regional markets for media products
Cultural proximity
Cultures that are alike prefer media that is similar
Language
Cultural cues (slang, references, etc.)
National production
Increasing production
National controls

5. Top 6 Global Media Corporations
Time Warner
Disney
Bertelsmann
Viacom
NewsCorp
Sony

6. News Circulation

7. Radio Broadcasting International National Shortwave Public diplomacy
Radio networks important
Local news & culture provides identity

8. Music National & local music revival
Most localized & most globalized media form
Government quotas
Piracy
Undercuts local musicians as well as global firms

9. Film and Video Most difficult to produce locally U.S. dominant
High production costs
Risky investment
Globalized distribution channels
U.S. dominant
Other centers of production increasingly global
Co-productions

10. Television Too expensive to be profitable in many small countries
Governments involved in most systems
Government owned & operated
Public broadcasting
Public-private ventures
Increasing privatization in developed countries

11. Television Flows TV quotas in many countries
Limit percentage of U.S. productions
U.S. television increasingly profitable overseas
Producers create with international market in mind
High costs may limit distribution
High profit per show & long running syndication make global market important

12. Cable & Satellite Cable & DBS rapidly expanding
Targeted programming most acceptable
DBS overcomes lack of infrastructure in many countries

13. Telecommunication Systems

14. Telecommunication Systems
Public satellite systems
INTELSAT
Regional systems
Television & telephone transmission
Large scale fiber optic networks
National telecoms going international
Baby Bells
Telefonica
Cable & Wireless
PT&Ts increasingly liberalized
New influx of investment not evenly dispersed

15. Telecommunication Systems
Partial privatization
Basic services government controlled
Open up advanced services to competition
Wireless communication
Primary phones in Africa, Eastern Europe, South Asia
‘leapfrogging’ traditional land lines
Text messaging preferred
Cheaper
Cultural preferences

16. Computer Access

17. Computers Production limited to developed world Costly in many areas
$200 monthly wage
Access limited to wealthiest strata of societies

18. Internet Nations rush to get population online
Scandinavia  highest proportion online
Singapore, S. Korea  large-scale efforts to connect citizens
International NGOs expand presence via the Net
Truly ‘international’ medium?
Government censorship
China, others monitor & filter content

19. Regulation International law ITU-T ICANN No direct enforcement power
Satellite footprints
URL system
ICANN
Domain name systems

20. Global Issues Cultural imperialism Global village Media trade
Trans-border data flows
Unequal flows of information & ideas
Global village
‘Americanization’ of cultural expression
Media trade
Media are products subject to trade agreements