1. Introduction to AP Human Geography – Day 2
Mr. Stepek

2. Map legend/key
For analysis purposes special attention MUST be placed on the map index or legend
Identifies scale
Identifies symbols
Identifies color coding

3. Thematic Types of Maps: choropleth
unit is assigned color
best = use shades of same color
darker = greater occurrence of the
phenomenon being analyzed
strength
shows dominance of a trait
weakness
level of aggregation/generalization must be considered.
could give false conclusion
must compare “apples to apples”

4. Thematic Types of Maps: dot maps
dots indicate the # of occurrences in a given area
Best for raw data, not ratios or normalized data
Snow video =
early use of GIS
can be described using the three properties of a distribution

5. Distribution: use special terms to describe spatial relationships and their organization GR 35
Density: how often an object occurs within a given area or space (used often with population)
Arithmetic density = occurrence or population/total area

6. Distribution: use special terms to describe spatial relationships and their organization GR 35
Density: how often an object occurs within a given area or space (used often with population)
Physiological density = population/arable (farmable) land
measures ability of area to feed its population

7. Distribution: use special terms to describe spatial relationships and their organization GR 35
Density: how often an object occurs within a given area or space (used often with population)
Agricultural density = farmers/arable land
measures farming efficiency/modernization
consequently – it shows development!

8. Distribution: use special terms to describe spatial relationships and their organization GR 35
Density: how often an object occurs within a given area or space (used often with population)
Concentration: refers to the proximity over the area in which an item is spread.
Cluster/agglomeration = close together
Dispersed/scattered = spread out

9. Distribution: use special terms to describe spatial relationships and their organization GR 35
Density:
Concentration:
Pattern: how things are geometrically organized within their space.
Linear = along a straight line (any other descriptive shape as well)
Circular, grid pattern, U-shaped, L-shaped, etc.
Random = no discernible pattern

11. Thematic Types of Maps: isoline/isopleth
similar data is connected by lines
always used for elevation
ex: barometric pressure on weather maps
Data bands assigned colors = isopleth

12. Thematic Types of Maps: flow line maps
Shows movement of people, information, and goods between places

13. Types of Maps: Topographic
Reflects the Earth’s physical features (terrain, elevation)

14. Graphs in the form of “maps”: Cartograms
Distorts size of a map units to allow comparison of data.
more of a “graph” concept than a map = graph in map form

15. 2008 Election Results