1. The RESPIRATORY System
Unit 3
Transportation Systems

2. Functions of the Respiratory System
Warm, moisten, and filter incoming air
Resonating chambers for speech and sound production
Carbon dioxide gas exchange

3. Structures of the Respiratory System

4. Nose Bony framework, cartilage, skin, and mucous membrane lining
Nostrils provide openings
Septum separates into right and left sides
Warms, moistens, and filters incoming air, smell, and provides resonating chambers for speech and sound production

5. Nasal Cavity
Large, air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face
Air is warmed, filtered by cilia, and humidified
Holds nerve endings that provide the sense of smell

6. Pharynx (Throat) Funnel-shaped tube about 5 inches long
Walls composed of skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membranes
Three sections: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Passageway for air and food
Resonating chamber for speech sounds and assists in the formation of words

7. Epiglottis
Large, leaf-shaped piece of cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the larynx and trachea
Opening through the larynx for the passage of air

8. Larynx (voice box) Contains vocal cords
Short passageway connecting the pharynx and the trachea
Contains the epiglottis

9. Incredible Human Machine - The Vocal Cords

10. Trachea (windpipe) Passageway for air
Located anterior to the esophagus
Extends from the larynx to the center of the chest where the bronchi branch off
Supported by “c” shaped cartilage rings to prevent collapse

11. Bronchi
Two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs
The right primary bronchus is more vertical, wider, and shorter than the left
Inhaled objects are more likely to lodge in the right bronchus
Passageway for air

12. Bronchioles
Bronchi continue to divide to form smaller tubes called bronchioles
Passageway for air

13. Alveoli
Small air sacs which are one-cell thick and surrounded by many blood capillaries
Site of gas exchange between air and blood

14. Lungs
Organs where atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide exchange takes place
Left side has two lobes
Right side has three lobes

16. Diseases and Careers
Respiratory System

17. Coryza (Common Cold) Caused by one of many viruses
Signs and symptoms include fatigue, sneezing, coughing, congestion, body aches and pains, and nasal secretions
Can be treated by medication to reduce discomfort of signs and symptoms

18. Pneumonia Inflammatory illness of the lung
Lung inflammation and abnormal alveolar filling
Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and chemical or physical injury to the lungs
Symptoms include cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing
Usually treated by antibiotics

19. Lung Cancer

20. Lung Cancer Disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung
Growth may lead to invasion of adjacent tissues and infiltration beyond the lungs
Most common symptoms are shortness of breath, coughing, and weight loss
Common cause is long term exposure to tobacco smoke
Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation

21. Asthma Reversible obstructive airway disease
Characterized by periods of coughing, difficulty breathing, or wheezing
Caused by spasms of the smooth muscle that line the wall of the smaller bronchi and bronchioles
Treated by antibiotics or the use of an inhaler

22. Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi
Caused by genetics, air pollution, carbon monoxide, respiratory infection, and deficient antibody levels
Treated by antibiotics

23. Tuberculosis
Infectious, communicable disease that destroys the lung tissue and pleura
Inhaled respiratory droplets spread disease
Treated by medications

24. Influenza Contagious respiratory illness caused by flu viruses
Usually comes on suddenly and may include fever, headache, extreme tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

25. Emphysema
Alveoli become stretched out and cannot push carbon dioxide and other pollutants out of the lungs.
Caused by smoking, frequent untreated respiratory infections, asthma, and abnormal stress on the lungs.
Symptoms are anxiety, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, cough, cyanosis, unequal chest expansion, elevated body temperature.
Treatment options are medications, oxygen, and the possibility of a lung transplant.

26. Careers
Pulmonologist – diagnoses, treats, and manages patients with diseases of the lungs or respiratory tract.
Salary: $120,000 to $330,000 annually
Education: medical school plus residency and about a three year fellowship

27. Certified Respiratory Technician
Respiratory technicians work under the supervision of respiratory therapists to help care for patients with breathing problems by administering oxygen and other treatments, cleaning and maintaining equipment, and noting and informing the therapist of patient progress.
Individuals interested in this profession generally need an associate's degree and certification. Some states may require a license.
As of May 2010, respiratory technicians averaged $46,340 annually. The top-paying industries for respiratory technicians were specialty hospitals, general hospitals and the offices of health practitioners.

28. Respiratory Therapist