1. Semantic Consideration of Clause Elements

2. Semantic Functions of Subject (S)
1- Agentive : The S should be animate that is instigating or causing the happening denoted by the V . Ex: John opened the door. 2- Agentive instrumental: This is a part of agentive role above and it is generally inanimate and expresses the unwitting material cause of an event. Ex: The avalanche destroyed several houses.

3. 3- Affected S : The V should be intransitive or intensive V
3- Affected S : The V should be intransitive or intensive V. Ex: - John fell down. - The pencil was on the table. 4- Locative S : It is designating place . Ex:- This path is swarming with ants. = Ants are swarming all over this path. - The bus holds forty people. = Forty people can sit in the bus .

4. 5- Temporal S: It is designating time and can be replaced by the pronoun ( it ). Ex: -Tomorrow is my birthday. -The summer of 2016 is exceptionally hot. 6- Eventive S : It comes with abstract noun heads to designate arrangements and activities. It differs from other Ss in permitting intensive complementation with a time A. Ex: The concert is on Thursday.

5. 7- Empty (it) S: This S has no semantic content altogether and consists only of the meaningless ‘Prop’ word (it) and it is used especially with climatic predictions. Ex: It is raining / snowing, etc. It ’s getting dark. It ’s noisy in here.

6. 8- Recipient S: This S comes with the following types of Vs :
a- Possession (belonging) Vs ( have, own, possess, benefit from ,etc.). There is no passive of the clauses having this Vs.
Ex: They own a beautiful house.
His son has/ possesses/ owns the car.
(= Mr. Smith has bought/given/ sold his son a car.)

7. b. Perceptual Vs(e.g.: see, hear, taste, smell, feel) Ex: I heard it ring, too. He tastes the pepper in the soup. Notes : i) taste, smell, & feel can also take agentive S as well as perceptual role. Ex: Foolishly, he tasted the soup. ii) look at & listen to are perceptual Vs but they come with agentive S.

8. C- Mental Vs ( think, believe, like, etc
C- Mental Vs ( think, believe, like, etc.) Ex: - I thought you were mistaken. (= It seemed to me that ……) - I like the play . (= the play gave me pleasure.) D- Stative Vs : (no passive) Ex: They have a beautiful child.

9. Q1) Specify the wrong in the following:
1- The concert hall is on Thursday. 2- The baby took a bath. 3- Foolishly, he tasted the pepper in the soup. 4- Forty people are held in the bus. 5- The container is holding 500 liter of water.