1. Powers and Checks and Balances

2. Main Roles & Powers of Legislature
Pass legislation
Declare War
Regulate Trade
Regulate Money
Impeach Federal Officials
Override Presidential Vetoes

3. Special powers & Responsibilities
Senate:
Approve presidential nominations to the federal courts (including the Supreme Court, by majority vote)
Approve presidential appointments to federal positions (by a majority vote)
Approve treaties (by 2/3 vote)
Serve as jury in impeachment trials
Select a Vice-President if the electoral college fails to
House of Representatives:
Originate all spending ($$) bills
Serve as prosecution in impeachment trial
Select a President if the electoral college fails to

4. Main Roles & Powers of the President
Chief Executive
Enforce the laws passed by Congress
Issue executive orders, enforcing the law
Act as the head of the federal bureaucracy and all federal agencies
Nominate judges (including those to the Supreme Court, requiring Senate confirmation)
Appoint government officials (some requiring Senate confirmation, some not)

5. Main Roles & Powers of the President
Chief Diplomat
Act a representative of the United States to foreign governments
Make treaties with foreign nations (require 2/3 vote in Senate for approval)
Extend or rescind diplomatic recognition of foreign nations
Chief Legislator
Propose a federal budget
Recommend proposed laws to Congress
Veto legislation
Approve legislation passed by Congress

6. Main Roles & Powers of the President
Commander-in-Chief of Armed Forces
Supreme commander of all branches of US military
Authorize use of US military for up to 60 days (without approval of Congress or declaration of war)
Chief of State
Serve as ceremonial head of US Government

7. Special powers & Responsibilities of the President
Judicial
Grant pardon (forgiving an individual of his/her crime(s))
Grant amnesty (forgiving a group of people of a specific class of crime)

8. Main Roles & Powers the Judicial Branch
Interpret the law
Exercise the power of judicial review
Chief Justice presides over trials of presidential impeachment

9. What does Judicial Review Mean?
Determine if laws passed by Congress are allowable by the Constitution
Determine if treaties negotiated by the President and approved by the Senate are allowable by the Constitution
Determine if actions by the President in enforcing the law are allowable by the Constitution
Determine if laws passed by states are allowable by the Constitution

10. Jurisdiction (Supreme Court)
The Supreme Court hears cases of appeal from lower federal and state courts
The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction (may hear a case first) in cases involving a state vs. state matter or a branch vs. branch matter

11. The Constitution
Balancing Power

12. Executive Branch Checks on the Legislative Branch
President has the power to veto laws passed by the Congress
Can proposes laws to Congress
Submits the Federal Budget to the House of Representatives
Appoints federal officials, who carry out and enforce laws

13. Executive Branch Checks on the Judicial Branch
Nominates judges to the Supreme Court
Nominates judges to the federal court system
Has the power to pardon individuals committed of crimes
Can grant amnesty for, forgiving a class of crime

14. Legislative Branch Checks on the Executive Branch
Congress can overturn a Presidential veto with a 2/3 vote of both houses
Senate can reject proposed treaties (2/3 vote to approve)
Senate can reject presidential nominations of federal officials or judges
Congress can impeach and remove the President (House serves as prosecution, Senate serves as jury)

15. Legislative Branch Checks on the Judicial Branch
Congress can create lower courts
Senate can reject nominees to the federal courts/Supreme Court
Congress can amend the Constitution to overturn decisions of the Supreme Court
Congress can impeach judges and remove from the bench

16. Judicial Branch Checks on the Executive Branch
Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule presidential actions unconstitutional
Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule treaties unconstitutional

17. Judicial Branch Checks on the Legislative Branch
Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule laws unconstitutional

18. Federalism
Balancing of power between a Federal Government and State Governments.
In our system the Federal Government is superior to the State Governments.
A state could not pass a law that directly contradicted a law passed on the federal level.

19. Objective: To analyze the powers granted to the federal and state governments under the system of federalism.
Federal Government
State Governments
Federalism
Video: Federalism in a Nutshell (1:06)
Video: Federal Powers v. State Powers

20. Federalism: Types of Powers
The Roots of Federalism (1:44)
Federalism: Types of Powers
Delegated Powers
Powers specifically assigned to the Federal Government.
Reserved Powers
All powers not specifically given the Federal Government are reserved for the States.
Concurrent powers
Powers that both the federal and state governments have at the same time

21. Federalism Powers Delegated to the National Government
Concurrent Powers Delegated to National and State Governments
Powers Reserved for State Governments
declare war
establish local governments
create and maintain armed forces
establish and maintain schools
raise taxes
establish foreign policy & treaties)
provide for the public welfare
regulate trade within states
criminal justice
regulate interstate and foreign trade
conduct elections
borrow money
provide for public safety
make copyright and patent laws
charter banks
build roads
establish marriage regulations
establish postal offices
coin money

22. Implied Powers
These are powers that are NOT specifically delegated in the Constitution, but are understood to be necessary or allowed.
The elastic clause or necessary and proper clause.
Congress has the power "to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers" (art. I, sec. 8).
Examples include:
Regulation of Railroads, Shipping, Highways -

23. Denied Powers
These are powers that are specifically NOT allowed to either the federal or state governments.
Again, this listing of denied powers was a specific way in which the founding fathers attempted to create a limited government.

24. States are in charge of weddings
Who’s In Charge?
Directions: Practice your knowledge of federalism by writing national, state, both or none for each of the following.
Scenario
Answer
States are in charge of weddings
1) 2 people want to get married 2)
There are both federal and state banks.
Helpful Hint:
Have students number 1-12 on the back of their notes in order to complete this review activity.

25. Who’s In Charge?
Directions: Practice your knowledge of federalism by writing national, state, both or none for each of the following.
Scenario
Answer 3)
States are in charge of schools
4) “I have never advocated war except as a means of peace.”
- Ulysses S. Grant
National – Only the federal, or national government can declare war.

26. Who’s In Charge?
Directions: Practice your knowledge of federalism by writing national, state, both or none for each of the following.
Scenario
Answer
Only the national government is allowed to print money. 5) 6)
Taxes are collected by both state governments and the federal government.

27. State government regulate trade within their own states.
Who’s In Charge?
Directions: Practice your knowledge of federalism by writing national, state, both or none for each of the following.
Scenario
Answer
7) The Spoth Farm, located in Clarence, NY, delivers produce throughout Erie County, NY.
State government regulate trade within their own states.
8) In a1997 decision, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the part of Ellis Island made of filled land belonged to New Jersey while the original natural part of the island belonged to New York.
The national court system has jurisdiction over conflicts between the states.

28. Who’s In Charge?
Directions: Practice your knowledge of federalism by writing national, state, both or none for each of the following.
Scenario
Answer
9) China is given most favored nation trading status.
The national government regulates foreign trade.
10)
The national government is charge of the postal service.

29. State governments are in charge of all elections. 12)
Who’s In Charge?
Directions: Practice your knowledge of federalism by writing national, state, both or none for each of the following.
Scenario
Answer
Neither the constitution forbids the granting of titles.
11)
A poll worker analyzes a ballot in Florida during the 2000 Presidential election.
State governments are in charge of all elections.
12)