1. Chemistry of Life Do you know what you are made of?
Mrs. Furminger & Ms. Kolb
Living Environment
2014

2. ALL Biotic things are: ORGANIC: What are ELEMENTS?
Contain the element CARBON
What are ELEMENTS?
Pure, natural, earthly substances

4. CARBON (molecules with carbon in them)
CARBON: element that’s inside EVERY biotic thing!
FOUR types of CARBON BASED MOLECULES:
(molecules with carbon in them)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
You MUST know these

5. Carbon Based Molecules are either: monomer OR POLYMER
monomer’s are:
small
simple
building blocks of a polymer
POLYMER’s are:
BIG
COMPLEX
many, many, many, many, many, many monomers put together

6. Which picture shows building blocks?
Which pictures shows the “large” built structure? 1
Now…
Which are the monomers?
Which are
the POLYMERS? 2

7. 1. Carbohydrates STARCH: Large/Complex sugar - made of: Function:
Glucose simple small sugar
glucose makes up STARCH
glucose is building block of STARCH
STARCH is made up of glucose
Function:
GIVES ATP for organism

8. Examples of Complex Carbohydrates
Bread, pasta, potatoes, rice

9. Example of Simple Sugar (ose=sugar)
____________: food made by chloroplasts in plants during photosynthesis

10. FRUCTOSE
SUCROSE

11. Questions: What is the POLYMER of a complex carbohydrate?
Why do we say it is “complex”?
What is the name of the monomer of this complex sugar?

12. 2. LIPIDS - POLYMER Types: Fats and Oils Functions:
Monomer/Building Blocks: Fatty Acids
Functions:
Stores the made ATP
Make up cell membrane
Are fats solid or liquid??
Animal fats - solid: meat, cheese, eggs, butter
Plant fats - liquid: vegetable oil, olive oil

13. Liquid Plant FAT
Solid Animal FAT

14. Questions: What are the building blocks of lipids?
What are the functions of lipids?

15. 3. Proteins – POLYMER VERY IMPORTANT
Proteins CONTROL ALL of life PROCESSES!
Building blocks/monomer: Amino Acids
20 different AA make the proteins we need to function
12 our bodies make
8 come from food you eat (meat, beans, nuts)

17. Question: What are the building blocks of proteins?
What is the FUNCTION of proteins?

18. Types of PROTEINS and their Functions:
Receptors: bring molecules in/out of cell
Hormones: carry messages around body
Enzymes: control ALL chemical reactions in body
Antibodies: attack foreign things
If the order/sequence of the AA changes, a different protein will be made

19. PROTEIN FUNCTION DETERMINED BY
SHAPE
Every type of PROTEIN has specific shape which allows each protein to do ONE job
LOCK AND KEY MODEL:
ALL proteins change their SHAPE to match molecule they are controlling

20. LOCK and KEY MODEL

22. Questions: Identify 4 different types of proteins found in our body:
The function of proteins is determined by:

23. 4. Nucleic Acids Types: Building Block/monomer: NUCLEOTIDES
DNA
RNA
Building Block/monomer: NUCLEOTIDES
Function: instructions your body needs to build proteins
Nucleic Acids have 1 job: work together to make proteins
(Synthesizing proteins occurs in the_______________)

24. Monomers SYNTHESIZE to make _______________
Polymers and Monomers
Monomer: small building blocks
Example:
Fatty Acid
Nucleotides
Polymer: all the monomers put together
Examples
Starch
Proteins
Monomers SYNTHESIZE to make _______________

25. ENZYMES AND CATALYSTS SHOW VIDEO

26. CATALYST
Chemical that makes reactions in body happen really FAST and with little ATP needed!

27. ENZYMES
Type of Protein that makes REACTIONS in the body happen REALLY REALLY REALLY REALLY REALLY REALLY REALLY FAST! and with little ATP
Does work on: SUBSTRATES
Need ENZYMES for every PROCESS you do
Digestion: breaking food (substrates) down
Synthesizing: putting monomers (substrates) together

28. Speed/RATE of ENZYME reaction affected by whether the:
SHAPE of enzyme MATCHES SHAPE of substrate (Lock and Key)

29. ENZYME SHAPE
SHAPE of ENZYME determines which substrate the enzyme will interacts with
REMEMBER: LOCK AND KEY MODEL

30. ACTIVE SITE Location where ENZYME and SUBSTRATE come together
Reaction will then occur

31. Questions:
___________________is the location where the enzyme and substrate attach

32. Question:
The speed of enzyme reaction is affected by what factor?

33. Enzymes can DENATURE:
Denaturing an enzyme means it: Slows down and won’t work…..
Enzyme says: “I’m sooooo tired”
BUT HOW??? WHAT causes this to happen?

34. What DENATURES enzymes?
HIGH TEMPERATURES
and
pH changes

35. pH 0 (most acidic), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (neutral)
Measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
Scale based on: 0 to 14
7 is neutral and is neither acidic nor basic
0 (most acidic), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7 (neutral)
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (most basic)

37. Question:
Identify the 2 factors that will denature an enzyme: