1. Bystanders, Resistance, and Rescuers

2. “First they came for the Jews. I was silent. I was not a Jew.
Then they came for the Communists.
I was silent I was not a Communist.
Then they came for the trade unionists.
I was silent I was not a trade unionist.
Then they came for me.
There was no one left to speak for me.”
-Pastor Martin Neimoller

3. Collaborator
one who cooperates

4. Perpetrator
someone who has committed a crime or a violent or harmful act towards another

5. one who witnesses and does nothing
Bystander
one who witnesses and does nothing

6. Bystanders Witnesses who are in a position to know about events
They may close their eyes and ears to events and information and claim they did not
Inaction by internal bystanders (members of the population where the violence is occurring)
They have learned to devalue victims
Their passivity distances them from and leads them to increasingly devalue victims
It diminishes their capacity to empathize with those in distress and their sense of guilt about their inaction
In the end, they go along with and frequently even support persecution and violence

7. Bystanders
External bystanders (outside groups and nations) encourages perpetrators
External bystanders frequently continue commercial, cultural, and other relations
with a country that engages in violence against a group of its citizens thereby expressing unspoken acceptance
Failure to act (all to common) allows the evolution of increasing violence

8. one who saves another from harm
Rescuer
one who saves another from harm

9. one who actively opposes the policies of a government
  Resister
one who actively opposes the policies of a government

10. one who is harmed, killed or made to suffer by another
Victim
one who is harmed, killed or made to suffer by another

11. Steps to Organized Genocide

12. Denial of Justice
Refusal to grant someone free access to the courts

13. Isolation
First through restrictions and exclusionary laws and decrees (Example Wearing the Yellow Star)
Later by physically enclosing them in ghettos

14. Isolation
The dominant group uses law, custom, and political power to deny the rights of other groups
The powerless group may not be accorded full civil rights, voting rights, or even citizenship
The dominant group is driven by an exclusionary ideology that would deprive less powerful groups of their rights
It legitimizes the victimization of weaker groups.

15. Persecution
Programs are implemented to prevent procreation through forced sterilization or abortions.
Children are forcibly taken from their parents.
The victim group’s basic human rights become systematically abused through extrajudicial killings, torture and forced displacement.
Genocidal massacres begin
They are acts of genocide because they intentionally destroy part of a group.
The perpetrators watch for whether such massacres meet any international reaction. If not, they realize that that the international community will again be bystanders and permit another genocide

16. Dehumanization One group denies the humanity of the other group.
Members of it are equated with animals, vermin, insects or diseases.
Dehumanization overcomes the normal human revulsion against murder.
At this stage, hate propaganda in print and on hate radios is used to vilify the victim group.

17. Dehumanization
The majority group is taught to regard the other group as less than human, and even alien to their society. They are indoctrinated to believe that “We are better off without them.”
The powerless group can become so depersonalized that they are actually given numbers rather than names, as Jews were in the death camps. They are equated with filth, impurity, and immorality.
Hate speech fills the propaganda of official radio, newspapers, and speeches. 

18. Violence
Difficult life conditions lead individuals to turn to their group for identity and connection
This often leads to scapegoating, claiming that some other group is responsible for life problems
Violence usually evolves
Perpetrators justify their actions by devaluing the victims more
Followers generate the violence

19. Rape Rape is used as a tactic of war and genocide
Can be committed on a mass scale
Physical and psychosocial consequences for individuals, families, and communities
Rape is used as a tool of war to genetically alter and eradicate the other group

20. Mass Execution Begins and quickly
It is “extermination” to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human
Sponsored by the state, the armed forces often work with militias to do the killing
Acts of genocide demonstrate how dehumanized the victims have become.
Dead bodies are desecrated
Destruction of cultural and religious property is employed to annihilate the group’s existence from history

21. In a nutshell…
Spreading myths- “they” are not like you and me; they have strange habits and attitudes
2. Creating mistrust- “they” are not only different; they are trying to destroy “us” and our way of life

22. Six Steps to Genocide
2. Creating mistrust- “they” are not only different; they are trying to destroy “us” and our way of life

23. 3. Fabricating a threat to the general public- “you see
3. Fabricating a threat to the general public- “you see? This just proves that they are a threat”
4. Dehumanization- “they” are not worthy to be considered human beings; “they” are rats, vermin, germs

24. 5. Isolation and Concentration- in order for “them” not to endanger or contaminate “us,” they need to be contained, imprisoned, moved away and out of sight
6. Atrocities- since “they” are not human, since we do not need to see what happens to them, there is no restraint- torture, abuse, exploitation, and genocide are acceptable

25. “The world is too dangerous to live in – not because of the people who do evil, but because of the people who sit and let it happen.”
~Albert Einstein

26. Is It Ever Too Late to Seek Justice?
"My God, I knew this would happen. You've come."
—Hermine Braunsteiner Ryan, housewife in Queens, New York, former guard at the Majdanek concentration camp
After the war she was tried in Austria, served three years then given amnesty
Married and immigrated to the US
NYTimes revealed her identity in 1964
She was the first US citizen to be extradited for war crimes. In she was sent to West Germany, where she was tried, convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
Survivors of the Maidanek concentration and death camp, near Lublin, told of her whipping women to death, seizing children by the hair and throwing them on trucks to take them to the gas chamber, kicking away a stool to hang a young girl, and stomping old women to death with her jackboots, among other cruelties. Her nickname was the Stomping Mare.

27. Hubert Zafke, a 95-year-old former member of the Nazi SS who served as a medic at the Auschwitz concentration camp, is the latest to be prosecuted in a push by German authorities to hold the last living Nazis accountable for the Holocaust.

28. “I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human beings endure suffering and humiliation. We must always take sides. Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented.” ~ Holocaust Survivor Elie Wiesel

29. Essay: Respond to the following quote.
“The world is too dangerous to live in – not because of the people who do evil, but because of the people who sit and let it happen.”
~Albert Einstein
New Times Roman, font size 12, double spaced, 1 page minimum
Type your full name in the header (right side)

30. Essay:
Share a personal experience that you may have had with racism, sexism, anti-Semitism, or other discrimination. You may have been on the receiving or giving end.
If you do not feel comfortable speaking about these experiences, write about some type of prejudice that you have personally witnessed.
New Times Roman, font size 12, double spaced, 1 page minimum
Type your full name in the header (right side)