1. Ibn Khaldun Structure of History and Society

2. The Travels and Career of Ibn Khaldun

3. Lecture Outline the Muqaddima History as a scientific inquiry
Ibn Khaldun’s view of social organization
His cyclical theory
Aristotle’s causal model
‘Asabiyya
Legacy of Ibn Khaldun

4. Epistēmē: knowledge
Logos: logical discourse
Epistemology: the study of the theory of knowledge

5. Intellectual World of the Medieval Mediterranean
Falsafa: continuation and refinement of the Greek philosophical and scientific tradition (translation movement)
Episteme and İlm
Aristotelian framework to build their systems of logic and natural philosophy

6. Ilm al-umran
“This science then, like all other sciences, whether based on authority or on reasoning, appears to be independent and has its own subject, that is to say human society, and its own problems, that is to say the social phenomena and the transformations that succeed each other in the nature of society….”

7. Necessary Accidents of Society
(Mulk) Royal Authority
Government
Laws
Occupations
Crafts and sciences

8. Conditions that Affect Society
Environment
Climate
Air
Diet
Ethnicity (Race)
Culture

9. On Difference
The error arises from a failure to observe the nature of things and of regions; for every thing changes with successive generations and nothing remains constant.

10. Ibn Khaldun’s Dialectic Model
Nomadic (Bedouin) tribes
Sedentary (settled) urban community

11. Aristotle’s Causal Theory Nature
Material Cause
Formal Cause
Efficient Cause
Final Cause (TELOS)

12. Aristotle’s Causal Theory Nature
Material Cause
Formal Cause
Efficient Cause
Final Cause (TELOS)

13. On Transformation
“The ignorance of the laws governing the transformations of human society. For every single thing, whether it be an object or an action, is subject to a law governing its nature and any changes that may take place in it. If therefore the historian understands the nature of events and of changes that occur in the world, and the conditions governing them, such knowledge will help him more than anything else to clarify any record and to distinguish the truths it contains from the falsehoods.”

14. On Transformation
Conditions of the world, and of the nations, with their customs and modes of occupation, do not persist in one unchanging state or stable pattern, but are transformed with the passage of time and move from one condition to another.

15. Ibn Khaldun’s Cycle of Civilization

16. Rise and Fall of Dynasties
ʻasabiyya: to bind or to tie together
ʻasab: a group bound together
group feeling, social solidarity, social cohesion

19. President Habib Bourguiba

20. Avenue Bourguiba Tunis

21. Ibn Khaldun’s Statue on Avenue Bourguiba

22. Ibn Khaldun
2006 Exhibition: 600th anniversary of the death of Ibn Khaldun, Seville, Spain