1. Predation, Scavenging, Symbiosis (3)
Food Relationships
Predation, Scavenging, Symbiosis (3)

2. Predation
A predator is any consumer that KILLS AND EATS another living organism in order to obtain energy. The organism being eaten is called the PREY
Examples: Lions, Wolves, Eagles, Man

3. Examples of Predators Venus Fly trap Pitcher plant
Catches and digests food stuffs
Insects trigger hairs that cause the mouth to slam shut when triggered
VENUS – from Roman god of love
Pitcher plant
Prey-trapping mechanism that features a deep cavity filled with a ‘pitfall trap’

4. Examples of Predators Archer Fish Salamander
The Archerfish sprays a fine jet of water to knock an insect off a low-lying branch
Salamander
The salamander uses its long sticky tongue to capture insects

5. Scavenging
A SCAVENGER is any consumer (animal) that feeds on DEAD organisms
Examples: vultures, snails, crows, jackals, hyenas
A SAPROPHYTE lives on NONLIVING ORGANIC MATTER and breaks down matter such as dead plants, animals and feces for consumption.
Examples: Fungi, Molds, Bacteria

6. Example of Scavengers Vultures
Bald head to keep the head clean while feeding
Possesses very strong stomach acid used to break down infected flesh and/or unbroken bones

7. Example of a Saprophyte
Earthworm
Body plan: A tube, digestive system and a slimy, muscular outer layer of skin
Feeds on detritus and decaying organic matter
Burrowing by worms is a form of natural aeration

8. Symbiosis
Two different kinds of organisms 'live together' in a relationship:
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
NOT REAL!

9. Symbiosis: Mutualism (+/+ relationship)
The anemone's tentacles release a paralysis toxin that provides the Clownfish with protection from predators
The clownfish protects the anemone from Butterflyfish (consume anemones)
Sea Anemones (tentacles) and Ocellaris Clownfish (Nemo) vs

10. Symbiosis: Commensalism (+ / N relationship)
Whales and Barnacles
During a barnacle's larval stage (youth) it attaches to baleen whales.
The barnacle benefits by finding a habitat with available nutrients, which would not be possible otherwise
The whale couldn't care less and is not affected in a positive or negative way

11. Symbiosis: Parasitism (+ / - relationship)
Head Lice
Feed on sebaceous secretions (sweat glands and pores) and blood
Lice obtain sustenance (food)
Humans/similar mammals are harmed through blood loss, exposure to disease and inconvenience

12. Word Bank: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, Saprophytism, Predation
The Nile Crocodile and the Plover
The Plover cleans the croc's teeth and prevents infection
This is an example of:
Mutualism

13. Word Bank: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, Saprophytism, Predation
Certain luminescent bacteria living on the ‘lure’ of the anglerfish obtain nutrition after the fish has eaten.
In turn, the bacteria provide a lantern for ‘fishing’
This is an example of
Mutualism

14. Word Bank: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, Saprophytism, Predation
A mouse is eaten by a cat
This is an example of
Predation

15. Word Bank: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, Saprophytism, Predation
Certain young clams attach themselves to the gills of fish. In a short time, each clam becomes surrounded by a capsule formed by the cells of the fish. The clams feed and grow by absorbing nutrients from the fish's body
This is an example of
Commensalism

16. Word Bank: Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism, Saprophytism, Predation
Toadstools thrive on fallen (dead) logs
This is an example of
Saprophytism