1. UNIT 3 + UNIT 2 PAST SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS MUCH/MANY/ A LOT OF
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

2. TO BE ( WAS/WERE) THERE WAS/THERE WERE
The Simple Past Tense
TO BE ( WAS/WERE)
THERE WAS/THERE WERE

6. Form (structure) Meaning & Use Pronunciation
The Simple Past Tense
Form (structure)
Meaning & Use
Pronunciation

7. WHEN DO WE USE PAST SIMPLE?
YESTERDAY
IN 1996
LAST MONTH
LAST YEAR
LAST WEEK
2 DAYS AGO
WHEN I WAS 6

8. last month ago yesterday last year last week
Meaning & Use
Completed actions in the past Time expressions used with the past tense
last month
ago
yesterday
last year
last week

9. PAST SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE
REGULAR VERBS
WALK
WORK
LIVE
WASH
PLAY
STAY ...
IRREGULAR VERBS
2nd COLUMN – PAGE 114 student’s book
Be- Buy – Leave – Teach – Win – Swim – Have – Do …
BE WAS/WERE BEEN
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT
WALKED
WORKED
LIVED
WASHED
PLAYED
STAYED + ED

10. EXAMPLES Last month I was in Granada
Two weeks ago Sara visited her aunt in Burgos
My parents travelled to Rome with some friends in May
When Paul was 5 he watched a horror movie on TV
I appeared on TV in 1999, in a sitcom called “Teachers”.
We bought a new computer for the class last year
My neighbour found a wallet on the street yesterday
When I was in Granada I swam a lot in the sea
I taught you English last year
My mother flew to Canada 20 years ago to visit her sister

11. REGULAR / IRREGULAR VERBS
PAST SIMPLE negative I
YOU HE
PETER / MY BROTHER
SHE
SALLY / MY MOTHER IT
THE TABLE/ THE DOG WE
YOU AND I
YOU AND SALLY
THEY
MARK AND ANNE…
REGULAR / IRREGULAR VERBS
WALK
WORK
LIVE
WASH
PLAY
STAY
BUY
LEAVE
TEACH
WIN
SWIM
HAVE
DO ...
SUBJECT
WALK
WORK
LIVE
WASHE
PLAYE
STAY
BUY
LEAVE
TEACH
WIN
SWIM
HAVE
DO . +
DIDN’T
DID NOT +
INFINITIVE

12. EXAMPLES Last month I was in Granada
Last month I WASN’T in Granada
Two weeks ago Sara visited her aunt in Burgos
Two weeks ago Sara DIDN’T VISIT her aunt in Burgos
My parents travelled to Rome with some friends in May
My parents DIDN’T TRAVEL to Rome with some friends in May, they never TRAVELLED to Rome
When Paul was 5 he watched a horror movie on TV
When Paul was 5 he DIDN’T WATCH a horror movie on TV
I appeared on TV in 1999, in a sitcom called “Teachers”.
I DIDN’T APPEAR on TV in 1999

13. EXAMPLES We bought a new computer for the class last year
We DIDN’T BUYa new computer for the class last year
My neighbour found a wallet on the street yesterday
My neighbour DIDN’T FINDa wallet on the street yesterday, he found it three days ago
When I was in Granada I swam a lot in the sea
When I was in Granada I DIDN’T SWIM in the sea
I taught you English last year
Rebeca DIDN’T TEACH you English last year
My mother flew to Canada 20 years ago to visit her sister
My mother DIDN’T FLY to Canada 20 years ago to visit her sister, she doesn’t have a sister living there

14. PAST SIMPLE INTERROGATIVE
REGULAR / IRREGULAR VERBS
WALK
WORK
LIVE
WASH
PLAY
STAY
BUY
LEAVE
TEACH
WIN
SWIM
HAVE
DO ... I
YOU HE
PETER / MY BROTHER
SHE
SALLY / MY MOTHER IT
THE TABLE/ THE DOG WE
YOU AND I
YOU AND SALLY
THEY
MARK AND ANNE…
SUBJECT
WALK
WORK
LIVE
WASHE
PLAYE
STAY
BUY
LEAVE
TEACH
WIN
SWIM
HAVE
DO .
WH – WORD
What
When
Why
How
Where… + + + ?
DID
INFINITIVE
DID

15. EXAMPLES I Last month I was in Granada
Last month I WASN’T in Granada
WHERE WERE you last month? Yes, I was / No, I wasn’t
Two weeks ago Sara visited her aunt in Burgos
Two weeks ago Sara DIDN’T VISIT her aunt in Burgos
WHEN DID Sara VISIT her aunt in Burgos?
My parents travelled to Rome with some friends in May
My parents DIDN’T TRAVEL to Rome with some friends in May, they never TRAVELLED to Rome
DID your parents TRAVEL to Rome with some friends in May?
Yes, they DID / No, they DIDN’T

16. EXAMPLES II When Paul was 5 he watched a horror movie on TV
When Paul was 5 he DIDN’T WATCH a horror movie on TV
DID Paul WATCH a horror movie on TV when he was 5?
I appeared on TV in 1999, in a sitcom called “Teachers”.
I DIDN’T APPEAR on TV in 1999
WHEN DID you APPEAR on TV ?
We bought a new computer for the class last year
We DIDN’T BUYa new computer for the class last year
WHEN DID you BUYa new computer for the class ?
My neighbour found a wallet on the street yesterday
My neighbour DIDN’T FIND a wallet on the street yesterday, he found it three days ago
DID your neighbour FINDa wallet on the street yesterday?

17. EXAMPLES III When I was in Granada I swam a lot in the sea
When I was in Granada I DIDN’T SWIM in the sea
DID you SWIM in the sea When you were in Granada ?
Yes, I DID / No, I DIDN’T
I taught you English last year
Rebeca DIDN’T TEACH you English last year
DID Rebeca TEACH you English last year?
My mother flew to Canada 20 years ago to visit her sister
My mother DIDN’T FLY to Canada 20 years ago to visit her sister, she doesn’t have a sister living there
WHERE DID your mother FLY 20 years ago?

18. Exception = Verb BE! The verb be is special. was not + or were
Never use DID NOT or DIDN’T with the verb BE. Instead, just use:
was
not + or
were

19. PRONUNCIATION OF REGULAR VERBS
3 different sounds id d t

20. walked laughed washed talked jumpedid t
planned
played
learned
answered
loved
Invited
Wait
Decided
Ended
Visited
Edited
walked laughed washed talked jumped

21. PAST CONTINUOUS
We will study this in Unit 3

22. PAST CONTINUOUS

23. What were you doing…? Yesterday at 7:00 in the morning…
On Tuesday morning…
On Monday at night…
On the 31st at 0:00…
This morning at 8:00…

24. Uses AN ACTION THAT WAS IN PROGRESS AT SOME POINT IN THE PAST.
My brother was working yesterday at 7
They were doing and exam last Friday at 2:30
TWO EVENTS TAKING PLACE AT THE SAME TIME IN THE PAST
Ellen was cooking while her sister was watching TV

25. the past continuous and past simple tenses in the same sentence,
We often use
the past continuous and past simple tenses
in the same sentence,
We do this when we want to talk about
a shorter activity that happened
during a longer activity in the past.
Sometimes we use the past continuous tense
to talk about two or more actions
which were taking place at the same time
in the past.
WHILE – It is usually used before continuous tenses
WHEN - It is usually used before simple tenses

26. Yesterday I WENT home, I HAD lunch and I CORRECTED all your exams
Yesterday while I WAS CORRECTING Alba’s exam my dog CAME into the room and bit it
While my dog WAS BITTING Alba’s exam my son WAS CRYING in the corridor and my daughter WAS SINGING very loudly
It was the worst moment in my life! My dog ATE the whole exam and now I don’t know Alba’s final result, so I GRADED it with a 10! Maybe it WAS Alba’s lucky day but not mine
(Past Simple + past simple + past simple ( three completed and finished actions)
(Past continuous and simple: one action interrupt other)
(Past continuous + Past continuous + Past continuous continuous actions at the same time)

27. Sam hurt himself yesterday.
But when exactly?
WHILE – It is usually used before continuous tenses
WHEN - It is usually used before simple tenses
when jumping over
the vaulting horse
Sam hurt himself
when
he was jumping over the vaulting horse.
shorter action
longer action

28. TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
Yo no estaba limpiando la habitación, estaba buscando a mi perro. El estaba perdido
I wasn’t cleaning the room, I was looking for my dog. He was lost
Hicieron una película en Los Ángeles aunque se gastaron todo el dinero y tuvieron que volver. La película no está terminada
They made a film in LA although they spent all the money and they had to come back. The film is not finished
Mi hermana y mi madre no me ayudaron, estaban leyendo y no querian parar
My sister and my mum didn’t help me, they were reading and they didn’t want to end

29. Paula estaba corriendo en tu casa cuando se calló y se rompió su pierna.
Paula was running in your house when she fell down and he broke her leg
¿Dónde estuviste despues del colegio? No había nadie fuera del edificio, así que me fui a casa.
Where were you after school? There wasn’t anybody outside the buiding so I came back/went home
¿Estabas jugando fuera con nuestro perro cuando te mandé un mensaje?
Were you playing outside with our dog when I texted you?

30. Student Practice:
Good Luck!!!

31. Wanna know more about the Past Continuous Tense? Click here
stsimpleorcontinuous/exercise1.html
stsimpleorcontinuous/exercise5.html
stsimpleorcontinuous/exercise6.html
stsimpleorcontinuous/exercise2.html
stsimpleorcontinuous/exercise4.html

32. UNIT 3
Disposable world

33. FOOD AND DRINK HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE
Much-many- a lot of / lots of
Definig relative clauses

34. A lot of / Much / Many Are there many people in the swimming pool?
Has she got many friends?
Yes, she's got a lot of friends.
© Juan Manuel Sánchez Garrido 2008
Are there many people in the swimming pool?
No, there aren't many. There are only two.
Is there much ham on the plate? No, there isn't much. There are only three slices.

35. A lot of / Lots of (mucho (s), mucha(s), un montón de)
We use a lot of/lots of with plural countable nouns (e.g. books, cars, etc.) and uncountable nouns (e.g. sugar, milk, etc.) in all types of sentences.
She's got a lot of/lots of books.
There's a lot of milk in the fridge.
Note: We omit of when a lot is not followed by a noun.
Are there many people in the room? Yes, there are a lot.

36. Much (mucho / mucha)
We use much with uncountable nouns, normally, in questions and negations.
Questions:
Do you drink much coffe?
How much money have you got?
Negations:
There isn't much sugar in the bowl.
I don’t drink much coffee
So you don’t normally use much in affirmative sentences (you use “a lot of”)
I drink a lot of coffee

37. Many (muchos / muchas)
We normally use many with plural countable nouns in all types of sentences.
Are there many books on the shelf?
There aren't many books on the shelf.
So you don’t normally use MANY in affirmative sentences (you use “a lot of”)
We’ve got many friends
We’ve got a lot of friends

38. How Much (Cuánto / Cuánta) How Many (Cuántos / Cuántas)
In questions we use how much to ask about the amount of something and therefore, with uncountable nouns
How much + uncountable noun
How much sugar do we need? A kilo.
We use how many to ask about the number of things and so, with plural countable nouns
How many + plural countable noun
How many boys are there in your class? Twenty.
© Juan Manuel Sánchez Garrido 2008

39. She’s a very nice person
Very, Much & Many
It is important that you distinguish between VERY, MANY and MUCH
You use it with…
Spanish
Example
VERY
Adjectives
Muy
She’s a very nice person
MUCH
Uncountable nouns
Mucho/a
I haven’t got much time
MANY
Countable Nouns
Muchos/as
Do you have many CD’s?
© Juan Manuel Sánchez Garrido 2008

40. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
WHO means “quien” and refers to people
WHICH means “que” and refers to things
THAT
WHERE means “ donde” and refers to places
WHEN
WHOSE

41. You will learn that sometimes they can be ommited
Did you know the girl WHO/THAT came to the party yesterday?
The book WHICH/THAT I’m reading is very interesting.
I will never forget the day + I met my best friend that day
I’ll never forget the day (WHEN/THAT) I met my
This is the hotel + We are staying at the hotel next weekend:
This is the hotel WHERE we are staying next weekend.
The city is interesting + my sister is living in the city:
The city WHERE my sister is living is interesting.
You will learn that sometimes they can be ommited

42. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
They give essential information about people, things or places in the main clause
This is the CD which everyone is talking about.
I hate people who never listen
She is living in the house where I was born
This is the book which I gave you

43. Write who/that/which in the blanks.
a. I met a woman who can speak six languages.
b. What’s the name of the man _____________ lives next door?
c. What’s the name of the river _____________ goes through the town?
d. Everybody _____________ went to the party enjoyed it very much.
e. Do you know anybody _____________ wants to buy a car?
f. Where is the picture _____________ was on the wall?
g. She always asks me questions _____________ are difficult to answer.
h. I have a friend _____________ is very good at repairing cars.
i. A coffee-maker is a machine _____________ makes coffee.
j. I don’t like people _____________ never stop talking.
k. Have you seen the money _____________ was on the table?
l. Why does he always wear clothes _____________ are too small for him?
WHO
WHICH
WHO
WHO
WHICH
WHICH
WHO
WHICH
WHO
WHICH
WHICH

44. b. She spoke to the man. He was standing next to her.
Join the sentences using who or which.
a. We chose the hotel. It seemed to be the nicest. We chose the hotel which seemed to be the nicest.
b. She spoke to the man. He was standing next to her.
She spoke to the man WHO was standing next to her
c. I read the letters. They came in the morning post.
I read the letters WHICH came in the morning post
d. He likes the other people. They work in his office.
He likes the other people WHO work in his office
e. She’s that singer. She was on television last night.
She’s that singer WHO was on television last night
f. Next week there is a festival. It happens in the village every summer.
Next week there is a festival WHICH happens in the village every summer.
g. I paid the bills. They came yesterday.
I paid the bills WHICH came yesterday

45. 9. Complete the conversation by putting who or which into the gaps.
Carol: Did you watch that programme last night?
David: Which one?
Carol: The programme which I mentioned a couple of days ago. It’s
new series __________ started last night.
David: No, I didn’t see it. Was it good?
Carol: Yes. It was about a group of friends __________ were at school together. Well, Rupert ...
David: Who was Rupert?
Carol: He was an old student of the school __________ had become a doctor. He went to a party __________ his old teachers organised. He met a lot of people __________ had been at school with him many years before. They talked about the things __________ they did when they were at school. Then suddenly, Rupert saw an old girl-friend __________ was dancing with John ...
David: Don’t tell me any more. It’s getting too complicated!
WHICH
WHO
WHICH
WHICH
WHO
WHICH
WHO

46. - “Peter is the student”+ “He comes from Glasgow”:
“Peter is the student WHO comes from Glasgow”.
- “The books are on the table” + “They are mine”:
“The books WHICH are on the table are mine”.
- “I’ve just met Tom” + “Tom seems to be a nice guy”: “I’ve just met Tom, WHO seems to be a nice guy”
“I’d love to visit London”+ “It is a beautiful city”:
“I’d love to visit London, WHICH is a beatiful city”