International Public Management Association for Human Resources

International Public Management Association for Human Resources
FROM LESSONS LEARNED TO BEST PRACTICES: THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC SECTOR PROGRAMS International Public Management Association for Human Resources September 24, 2013 Patrick Prince, M.A. Prince & Phelps Consultants WorkplaceViolenceConsultants.Com

Aaron Alexis ANOTHER WORKPLACE SHOOTING!
Washington Navy Yard September 16, 2013 13 dead, 14+ wounded

Dana Point Post Office May 6, 1993

City of Los Angeles February 25, 2005

“Rates of Workplace Violence Higher for Government Employees”
April 25, 2013

Government vs. Private Sector
Gov’t: incidents/1000 employees Private: 5.2 / 1000 employees Non LE/Security vs 4.7 / 1000 While Private Sector has more “Serious” than Gov’t, 20% of homicides in Gov’t

What is Our Traditional Approach to Preventing Workplace Violence?
Written Policy and Implementation Procedures Standard of “Zero Tolerance” Threat Assessment Team Plan for Responding to a Violent Incident Supervisory/Administrator Training Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

So Why Do We Still Have Shootings
So Why Do We Still Have Shootings? What Can We Learn from Past Incidents of Violence? Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

The Challenges of Workplace & Campus Violence Prevention
Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

Seung-Hui Cho Virginia Tech, 2007 59 shot, 32 dead

Shareef Allman Cupertino, CA 2011 3 dead, 6 wounded

Scott Dekraai Seal Beach, CA 2011 8 dead, 1 wounded

Andre Turner Southern California Edison 2012 2 IT managers fatally shot, 2 wounded

A New Strategy Is Needed!

Safe School Initiative (2002)
Threat Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Managing Threatening Situations and to Creating Safe School Climates Incidents of targeted violence are rarely sudden, impulsive acts, Prior to most incidents, other people knew of the attacker’s idea and/or plan to attack, Most attackers did not threaten their targets directly prior to advancing the attack, There is no accurate or useful “profile” of students who engage in targeted school violence, Most attackers engaged in some behavior, prior to the attack, that caused concern or indicated a need for help, Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

Safe School Initiative (2002)
Threat Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Managing Threatening Situations and to Creating Safe School Climates Most attackers were known to have difficulty coping with significant losses or personal failures. Many had considered or attempted suicide. Many attackers felt bullied, persecuted or injured by others prior to the attack, Most attackers had access to and had used weapons prior to the attack, In many cases, other students were involved in some capacity, Despite prompt law enforcement responses, most shooting incidents were stopped by means other than law enforcement intervention. Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

What is the distinction between . . . ?
Violence Risk Assessment: A New Science What is the distinction between ? Fitness for Duty Mental Health Evaluation Violence Risk Assessment Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

What is the distinction between . . . ?
Definition of Risk Assessment: What is the distinction between ? Assessment: Investigation: Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

+ = PPC Framework for Understanding Violence: Potentially Perceived
Dangerous Person Perceived Hostile Environment VIOLENT ACTING OUT = Triggering Event Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

Risk of Violence Levels
Intent and Means to Do Harm Communication of a Threat to Do Harm or Other Threatening Behavior Inappropriately Aggressive, Hostile or Intimidating Behavior HIGH RISK MODERATE RISK LOW RISK Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

Risk Assessment & Intervention Outcome:
ASSESSMENT RESPONSE OUTCOME Underestimate Risk Under-respond or Ignore Situation Escalates Overestimate Risk Over-respond or “Knee-jerk” Situation Escalates Accurately Assess Risk Apply Appropriate Strategy Situation De-escalates to Match Level of Risk Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

CTAT: Distinct Yet Overlapping Roles
Personnel Department Prince & Phelps Consultants Los Angeles Police Department City Threat Assessment Team Medical Services Department Department Representative City Attorney

What is a Threat? Threat: A person makes a threat.
Threat: A person is acting in a manner that would reasonably be perceived as threatening. Threat: A person poses a threat and is dangerous. Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

Behavioral Risk Assessment Continuum
Pathway to Violence: Behavioral Risk Assessment Continuum LOW MOD HIGH IDEA ACTION Troubled, Difficult, Disgruntled, or “Seriously Annoying” Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

Did you see it? Did you report it?
Threat Communicated to Others Threat Communicated to Target [Source: “Safe Schools Initiative Study”, U.S. Secret Service & U.S. Department of Education, 2004] Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

Case Management Options
Pathway to Violence: Case Management Options Troubled, Difficult or “Seriously Annoying” Threat Assault Hostile IDEA ACTION Work Expectations Accountability Tools Root Problem Analysis EAP Counseling Conflict Mediation Organizational Assessment Assess Leadership Capacity “For Cause” Testing Behavioral Contracting Investigation & Discipline Fitness for Duty Work Environment Audit Workgroup Intervention Supervisory Coaching ROV Interview Administrative Leave Work Relocation Enhance Facility Security Surveillance Executive Protection Restraining Order

National Guidelines: The Future of Workplace Violence Prevention Programs

Goal of Standard (cont.):
National Guidelines: The Future of Workplace Violence Prevention Programs Goal of Standard (cont.): Describes personnel within organizations; Outlines proactive organizational approach; Focused on prevention and early intervention; Proposes ways to better detect, investigate, manage and resolve behavior; Protocols for effective incident management. Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

Key Elements: Establishing Multidisciplinary Involvement Conducting a Needs Assessment (includes evaluation of existing guidelines) Creation of Organizational Workplace Violence Prevention Policy and Procedures Creation and Training of Threat Management Team Providing Appropriate (Comprehensive) Organization-wide Training Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

Risk Screening Outcomes:
National Guidelines: The Future of Workplace Violence Prevention Programs Risk Screening Outcomes: Concern for violence unwarranted so the incident can be handled within normal human resources, disciplinary or employee relations protocols (Low) Concern warranted but not so urgent- Team can continue with fact-finding or Incident management process (Moderate) Urgent or emergency action should be taken such as immediate consultation with violence risk assessment professional or law enforcement (High) Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

Threat Assessment Professional:
National Guidelines: The Future of Workplace Violence Prevention Programs Threat Assessment Professional: “many organization’s threat assessment teams, through training and accumulated experience, will be adept at screening cases for potential risk and at developing risk mitigation strategies. However, when the team lacks that training and experience or when a formal violence risk assessment is warranted, the organization should engage an external threat assessment professional to assist with incident management.” Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

What Is Required for Effective Violence Prevention?
Conceptual Framework that is Mutually Understood throughout the Organization Expert Consultation from a Threat Assessment Professional Ongoing Case Management and a Range of Intervention Options Single Point of Contact and Coordination within the City and Each Department Training at All Levels of the Organization Copyright © 2011 Prince & Phelps Consultants

About the Presenter: Mr. Prince has over 25 years experience with private corporations and public agencies specializing in threat management, conflict resolution, and impaired employee identification. He is a partner with Dr. Ann Phelps in the firm Prince/Phelps Consultants. They have consulted on more than 1,000 cases of threatening situations or acts of violence in the workplace. Their consultations have been in response to a wide array of situations ranging from intimidation, harassment and verbal threats to physical assaults, acts of sabotage, felony stalking, discharging firearms in the workplace and on-the-job homicide. Mr. Prince and Dr. Phelps have been primary responders to several incidents involving multiple homicides including the United States Post Office, Dana Point, CA (May, 1993), the City of Los Angeles Piper Technical Center (July, 1995), the United States Department of Agriculture, Port of Los Angeles (April, 1998), and the City of Los Angeles Bureau of Street Services (February, 2005). Consultation includes risk of violence assessment, development and participation on corporate threat assessment teams, supervisory coaching and ongoing assistance in case management. Mr. Prince has served on the Board of Directors for the Association of Traumatic Stress Specialists and chaired a task force on occupational trauma for the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. He also has served as the president of the Association of Threat Assessment Professionals, Los Angeles Chapter since He most recently served on a joint ASIS-SHRM task force to develop national standards and guidelines for workplace violence prevention programs. Further, Mr. Prince is a Drug Recognition Expert Instructor with the Los Angeles Police Department. He is an expert in the articulation of “reasonable cause” for workplace drug testing and has trained over 10,000 supervisors in a variety of industries to identify and confront the suspected substance-abusing employee. Mr. Prince has provided DOT compliance training for personnel from over 100 different agencies throughout California. Mr. Prince received his master’s degree in Counseling Psychology from UCLA and his B.A. in Sociology from USC. Mr. Prince can be reached at (310) or Copyright © 2012 Prince & Phelps Consultants

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