1. Water has a ________________________
11.3 Oceans and Climate
Water has a ________________________
Water heats up and cools down _______________, and can absorb ___________________________________________.
 Oceans can store and transport _________________of energy
Oceans influence weather
through the __________________
Weather tracked over
many years = ________________
Climates ______________________
around the world
Climate measures t_____________ +
_________________________ > ____ years
See page 428
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

2. How Oceans Affect Weather
Through ________________, heat energy transfers from the __________________to the air, and this warm air _____
The warm “bubble” of air is called a _______________
The thermal rises until it ________________, and then drops back down again. This process of heat transfer is called ___________.
_________is the warming ocean effect that occurs some years in December off the Pacific coast of Ecuador.
El Niño can change the weather around the world, including ________________________, and droughts in Africa and Australia.
Changing ocean temperatures also cause _________________ to change behaviours.
___________________is a cooling of similar waters, and produces
almost the __________________ effects of El Niño.
See page 430
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

3. The Moderating Effect of Oceans on Climate
Oceans can make ______, northern locations _________
Locations like _______________________________________benefit
Because of water’s high heat capacity, heat energy can be carried from _____________________by currents like the _______ ______ (in England and Norway) or the ________________(in BC).
As the warm water ___________________, it carries energy over the _______________________ of the province.
__________block the warmth from reaching into the interior.
Edmonton and Manchester, England are the same _________
Edmonton, Alberta
January average temperature = 7 C
Manchester, England
January average temperature = +6 C
See pages
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

4. The Moderating Effect of Oceans on Climate (continued)
For these reasons, we can see considerable _______________________ between locations at the same approximate latitude (_____________________________) in BC
See pages
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007